The Internet of Things and Machine to Machine Technology

This book delivers a practical introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine technology. Through a series of case studies, the text outlines the business drivers, specifications, and architecture of the production, installation, and support phases of the IoT. With a focus on wireless networks, the book explores the growth of the IoT, location-based technology, sensor integration, RFID embedded solutions, and power sources. Each chapter offers in-depth knowledge of theory and hardware and provides algorithms and code. Laboratory exercises are included for hands-on learning.

Table of Contents:
Evolution to the Internet of Things (IoT) – Architecture Elements Telemetry – Remote Monitoring Rocket and Satellite Monitoring Origins Telematics – Remote Vehicle Monitoring Safety and Drive Train Monitoring – e.g., Onstar Insurance Driver Rating – e.g., Progressive Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Remote Building Temperature and Humidity Monitoring Wireless Security Monitoring Wireless Network Selection ISM Frequencies for RFID, WiFi, and Bluetooth Cellular Physical Layer for SMS, TCP/IP, and UDP/IP Data Satellite Physical Layer for Orbcomm, Iridium, and Globalstar LEOs Network Certifications Embedded Hardware Selection Microcontroller/Processor Communications Module Unique Power Management and Battery Requirements Sensor Requirements Location Sensing and Accuracy GNSS, US GPS, FSU, and GLONASS Network-Based Location Time-of-Flight, Base Station RSSI, and BTS LOC WiFi Access Point Mapping and Accuracy Sensor Integration Ports - GPIO, A/D, I2C, SPI, and UART Temperature Sensor Humidity Ultrasonic Sensor Integration Gas and Electrochemical Sensors Optical Sensors Embedded Code Open-Source Examples Why Regression Testing Firmware Is a Must Over-the-Air Code and Device Management Tools Power Management Primary and Secondary Battery Selection Minimization of Power Techniques Energy Harvesting – Solar, Motion, and Parasitic RF IoT Case Study – GE Oil and Gas Project Pipeline Intrusion Detection Business Case Outlined Design Requirements Microphone Sensors Matrix – Sound Location Source Wireless Network Selection Process – Satellite vs. Cellular, vs. ISM Temperature and Environmental Specifications Prototype and Production Lessons Learned IoT Study – Mobile MRI Management Superconductive Magnet Temperature Status Design Process Requirements Liquid Helium Sensor Global Satellite Selection Process Temperature and Environmental Specifications Prototype and Production Lessons Learned IoT Case Study – GE Rail Hazmat Car Location Sensor Business Case Outlined Existing RFID-Tagged Car Location Accuracy RFID Tag Technology Improved GPS Accuracy Complements RFID Tag Wireless Network Selection Process – Satellite vs. Cellular, vs. ISM Temperature and Environmental Specifications Prototype and Production Lessons Learned IoT Case Study – Wal-Mart Trailer Tracking Sense 53’ Trailer Location, Motion, and Cargo Solar Panel Power Supply Battery Selection Process Ultrasonic Cargo Sensor Wireless Network Selection Process – Satellite vs. Cellular, vs. ISM Temperature and Environmental Specifications Production Lessons Learned from Overall Production Scale (~160,000 Assets) and Installation Scale (1,000/week) IoT Case Study – Miniature Pill Bottle Asset Tracker Remotely Sense Location and Temperature of Shipped Pharma Business Case for a Dual Security and Field Quality Control Application Architecture for an Open Source Pill Bottle Solution Network Selection Cellular SMS, TCP/IP, or UDP/IP GNSS Location Assist and Network Location Techniques Battery Selection and Power Optimization Field Test Results Appendix: Communications Lab Experiments (Optional Hardware and Embedded Learning Applications) Lab Experiment Requirements XACT XT-50 GSM, GPS, Accelerometer, and Temp Sensor ARM9 Unit Raspberry Pi Board with Suitable (2A) Power Supply Python-Based Lab Software and GIS System on SD Card A/D and Temperature Sensor Measure and Plot Battery Voltage vs. Time Plot the Battery Life Curve while Varying Current (Ibatt) Measure and Plot Temperature vs. Time Software Compensate Temperature Sensor, from +-4% to +-0.5% Accuracy using Calibration Tables Wireless GSM Network RF Levels Measure and Plot 850 and 1900 Mhz Adjacent Base Station Levels in –dBm and Determine Frequency by Carrier (No SIM Required) Determine Location, by Adjacent Network BTS and LOC Parameters, and Calculate Location Accuracy and Repeatability GNSS Satellite Parameters Stream, Parse, and Store, in a Canonical Form, NMEA-Formatted Data – Values Parsed include Satellite ID, Carrier Level, DOP Errors, Accurate Time, Latitude and Longitude Monitor and Plot the Carrier Level of Each Satellite Display 2D/3D Fix and Location on GIS Map Calculate TTFF and Accuracy (50% CEP, 90% CEP) Display Dilution of Precision (DOP) Values Integrated Accelerometer Display the Position and Display of the X, Y, and Z Axis as a Real-Time Visual Display Apply a Known Force on the Unit – Note and Calibrate the Peak G-Force Observed on the Display Remote IoT Sensing on the Wide-Area (Global) Wireless Network Based upon an Accelerometer Event or Time, Build a Data Packet including Time-of-Date, Date, Location (Latitude and Longitude), Voltage, and Temperature Send via Applications SMS Text This Packet to an External Web Server (Optional Service or a Remote Open Server) Send the Data Packet, the Wireless GPRS Service using TCP/IP Layers, This Packet to an External Web Server (Optional Service or a Remote Open Server) Add Additional Humidity Sensor Hardware Directly to the Raspberry Pi I2C Addressable Port, while Expanding the Data Packet to Accommodate This New Sensor