Kinetics in Materials Science and Engineering

"A pedagogical gem…. Professor Readey replaces ‘black-box’ explanations with detailed, insightful derivations. A wealth of practical application examples and exercise problems complement the exhaustive coverage of kinetics for all material classes." –Prof. Rainer Hebert, University of Connecticut "Prof. Readey gives a grand tour of the kinetics of materials suitable for experimentalists and modellers…. In an easy-to-read and entertaining style, this book leads the reader to fundamental, model-based　understanding of kinetic processes critical to development, fabrication and application of commercially-important soft (polymers, biomaterials), hard (ceramics, metals) and composite materials. It is a must-have for anyone who really wants to understand how to make materials and how they will behave in service." --Prof. Bill Lee, Imperial College London, Fellow of the Royal　Academy of Engineering "A much needed text filing the gap between an introductory course in materials science and advanced materials-specific kinetics courses. Ideal for the undergraduate interested in an in-depth study of kinetics in materials." –Prof. Mark E. Eberhart, Colorado School of Mines This book provides an in-depth introduction to the most important kinetic concepts in materials science, engineering, and processing. All types of materials are addressed, including metals, ceramics, polymers, electronic materials, biomaterials, and composites. The expert author with decades of teaching and practical experience gives a lively and accessible overview, explaining the principles that determine how long it takes to change material properties and make new and better materials. The chapters cover a broad range of topics extending from the heat treatment of steels, the processing of silicon integrated microchips, and the production of cement, to the movement of drugs through the human body. The author explicitly avoids "black box" equations, providing derivations with clear explanations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction to Kinetics Kinetics and Materials Science and Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Microstructure History of Materials Science and Engineering as a Discipline Impact of Materials Science and Engineering This Book Reaction Kinetics Introduction to Kinetic Processes in Materials Material Transport and Reaction Rates Dissolution of NaCl and Al2O3 Contrasting Diffusion and Reaction Control Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reactions Homogeneous Reaction Rates Reaction Order Zero Order Reaction First Order Reaction Example of First Order Reaction: COCl2 Decomposition Radioactive Decay and Related Nuclear Reactions Radiocarbon Dating Importance of First Order Reactions in Materials More Complex Reactions Pseudo First Order Reactions Second Order Reactions Reactions that Reach Equilibrium Parallel Reactions Series Reactions Higher Order Reactions Complexity of Real Reactions: HI and H2O formation Appendix: Two Reactions in Series Temperature Dependence of the Reaction Rate Constant Arrhenius Equation: k = k0 exp(-Q/RT) Hindenburg Disaster Adiabatic Flame Temperature Combustion Synthesis Barometric Formula Boltzmann Distribution Activated State Catalysts: Pt, Ziegler-Natta Heterogeneous Reactions: Gas-Solid Passive Corrosion: SiO2 Active Corrosion: Si, Cr, SiC Materials Processes: Kroll Process, Siemens Process, Optical Fibers, and Halogen Lamps Chemical Vapor Deposition of Si: Deposition Processes and Epitaxy Deposition of Silicon from Trichlorosilane Active Gas Corrosion of Silicon Carbon-Carbon Composites: Chemical Vapor Infiltration and Shuttle Columbia Accident Halogen Lamps Common Phenomena: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Factors and Growth Rate Phase Transformations Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Its Effects Surface Energy: Origin and Importance Surface Reconstruction Typical Values Surface Energy and Curvature Curvature and Vapor Pressure Curvature and Solubility Curvature and Phase Stability Ostwald Ripening by Reaction Freezing Point Depression Specific Surface Area Wetting Interfacial Energies and Microstructure Interfacial Energies and Morphology Interfacial "Phases" Capillary Rise Surface Segregation Phase Transitions Thermodynamics Rates of Phase Transitions Transitions in One-Component Solids Transitions in Multi-Component Systems Qualitative: Nucleation and Growth and Spinodal Decomposition Quantitative: Nucleation and Growth Nucleation Rate Overall Rate of Phase Transformations: Johnson-Mehl-Avrami Equation Precipitation Crystallization of Polyethylene Heterogeneous Nucleation Appendix A: Kinetic Energy and Speed of Gas Molecules Appendix B: Boltzmann Distribution Appendix C: Maxwell-Boltzmann Speed Distribution Appendix D: Mean Molecular Speed in a Gas Appendix E: Exact Result for Molecular Surface Collision Rate Appendix F: Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm Diffusion in Ideal Systems Introduction to Diffusion The Diffusion Process Fick's First Law Values of Diffusion Coefficients: D = 1/3 λv, Gases, Solids, and Liquids Fick's Second Law: Conservation of Mass Solving Diffusion Problems: Boundary and Initial Conditions Infinite and Semi-Infinite Boundary Conditions Finite Boundary Conditions Steady-State versus Equilibrium Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients Appendix A: Fick's Second Law in Cylindrical Coordinates Appendix B: Fick's Second Law in Spherical Coordinates Atomistic Mechanisms of Diffusion in Solids and Gases Introduction: Magnitudes and T-Dependencies, Why Not Liquids? Energy Absorption by Atoms and Molecules and Gases and Solids Interstitial Diffusion in Solids Vacancy Diffusion in Solids Statistical Mechanics Approach: Vacancy "Concentrations" Regular Solution Approach Quasi-Chemical Approach: "Point Defect Chemistry" Point Defect Charges: Kröger-Vink Notation Intrinsic Point Defects in Compounds: Schottky Defects Implications of Vacancy Diffusion Intrinsic Vacancy Diffusion Surface and Grain Boundary Diffusion Reptation in Polymers Diffusion in Gases Mean Free Path in a Gas Gas Diffusion Coefficient Chapman-Enskog Equation Kundsen Diffusion Appendix A: Vibrational Frequency Appendix B: Vacancy Concentrations for Schottky Defects, NaCl, and Al2O3 Steady-State Diffusion Gas Diffusion through Solids Polymer Gas Separation Membranes Gas Diffusion through Metals Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates Hydrogen Diffusion in a Glass Laser Fusion Sphere Passive Oxidation of Silicon Review of Glass Structure and Properties: Glass Transition and Shuttle Challenger Accident CO2 Diffusion through a Biological Cell Wall CVD of Si from SiHCl3 by Diffusion CVD of Si with Both Reaction and Diffusion Evaporation of a Water Drop Dissolution of NaCl Dissolution of Spheroidized Cementite in Austenite Common Phenomena: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Factors and Growth Rate Ostwald Ripening by Diffusion Solutions to Fick's Second Law: Infinite and Semi-Infinite Boundary Conditions Goal and Caveats Solution with a Dimensionless Variable: x2 = 4 Dt Semi-Infinite BCs: Diffusion of B into Si and Error Functions Infinite BCs: Interdiffusion of Cu and Ni Constant Surface Concentration: B into Si Constant Surface Concentration: Decarburizing Transformer Steel General Solution Appendix A: Integrating e x2dx ∞ − −∞ ∫ Appendix B: Notes on the Error Function Finite Boundary Conditions Coring in a Cast Alloy Drying a Cast Polymer Sheet: C(x,0) = C0 sin (πx/L) Degassing Transformer Steel: C(x,0) = C0 Diffusion through a Polymer Membrane Equilibration by Diffusion in a Cell Interdiffusion of Finite Size Particles General Approximation: Dt/L2 ≅ 1 Diffusion in Non-Ideal Systems Generalized Diffusion: Fluxes and Forces Flux of Moving Particles Mobility and Forces: Stokes Law Particle Size Measurement by Settling Electrical Mobility Absolute Mobility and Diffusion Diffusion in Liquids: Stokes-Einstein Equation Ionic Conductivity: Nernst-Einstein Equation Non-Ideal Diffusion Processes Interdiffusion in Isomorphous Systems: Metals Intrinsic Diffusion Coefficient Kirkendall Effect Darken's Equations Interdiffusion in Isomorphous Systems: Ionic Compounds Non-Isomorphous Systems Free Energy Gradients and Geometries Oxidation of Metals Calcining: Linear Model Calcining: Jander Model Calcining: Braunstein Model Sintering Grain Growth Spinodal Decomposition Revisited

About the Author :
*Click here for a Q&A session with the author: https://www.crcpress.com/go/9781138732469_authorQA Dennis W. Readey is University Emeritus Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines, where he served as the H. F. Coors Distinguished Professor of Ceramic Engineering and Director of the Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics for seventeen years. Prior to that, he served as chairman of the Department of Ceramic Engineering at Ohio State University. He has been performing research on kinetic processes in materials for almost fifty years and teaching the subject for over thirty years. Before entering academia, he was a program manager in the Division of Physical Research of what is now the Department of Energy, where he was responsible for funding materials research in universities and national laboratories. Earlier, he was also group leader in the Research Division of the Raytheon Company and in the Materials Division of Argonne National Laboratory. He had been active in the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) for a number of years representing TMS (The Mining, Minerals, and Materials Society) and served on several government committees including the Space Sciences Board and the National Materials Advisory Board of the National Academy of Sciences. He is a member of several professional societies and is a fellow of ASM International (formerly the American Society of Metals) and a fellow, distinguished life member, and Past-President of the American Ceramic Society. Dr. Readey’s research has involved gaseous and aqueous corrosion of ceramics, the effect of atmospheres on sintering, the properties of porous ceramics, processing and properties of ceramic-metal composites, and the electronic properties of compounds, particularly transparent conducting oxides and microwave and infrared materials. He advised 29 Ph.D. and 42 M.S. degree theses, which generated about 120 publications and 13 patents. He received a B.S. degree in metallurgical engineering from the University of Notre Dame and a Sc.D. in ceramic engineering from MIT.

Review :
"Finally a kinetics textbook that covers all materials groups, polymers, metals, and ceramics in depth! Dr. Readey has created a marvel with quantitative resources and highly relevant stories explaining the science and showing the relevance in today’s society. The book makes it easy to gain knowledge in kinetics. The problems provided enhance the active learning of the student. All materials students should read this book at some point in their studies. … I will definitely recommend it to my students and colleagues." —Wolfgang Sigmund, Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida   "Professor Readey gives a grand tour of the kinetics of materials suitable for experimentalists and modellers…. In an easy-to-read and entertaining style, this book leads the reader to fundamental, model-based understanding of kinetic processes critical to development, fabrication and application of commercially-important soft (polymers, biomaterials), hard (ceramics, metals) and composite materials. It is a must-have for anyone who really wants to understand how to make materials and how they will behave in service." —Professor Bill Lee, Imperial College London, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering   "A pedagogical gem…. Professor Readey replaces ‘black-box’ explanations with detailed, insightful derivations. A wealth of practical application examples and exercise problems complement the exhaustive coverage of kinetics for all material classes. A modern textbook that will undoubtedly earn appreciation from instructors and students alike." —Prof. Rainer Hebert, University of Connecticut   "a comprehensive text…. with clear illustrations, examples and brief historical notes" —Mahadevan Khantha, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania   "This book captures the essential importance of kinetics across the field of materials science. The fundamental principles and appropriate applications are well presented." —Robert L. Opila, Professor, University of Delaware   "A much needed text filing the gap between an introductory course in materials science and advanced materials-specific kinetics courses. Ideal for the undergraduate interested in an in-depth study of kinetics in materials." —Mark E. Eberhart, Professor, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines   "presents an in-depth, readily accessible treatment of the fundamentals to students of materials science and engineering. It will be a valuable primary or supplementary textbook for the standard materials kinetics course." —Jeffrey M. Rickman, Professor, Lehigh University   "This book fills a long-standing gap in the education and training of undergraduate MSE students in the field of time-dependent phenomena. The clarity of the examples coupled with the immediacy of the notation will grant to this text the status of ‘must-have’ reference book for any professional in the field." —Prof. Valter Sergo, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste   "Readey's Kinetics in Materials Science and Engineering is true to its name, treating all materials classes and providing examples for each. He does this very effectively while highlighting the contrasts between diffusion-controlled processes in hard materials and chemical reactions in soft materials." —Katherine T. Faber, Simon Ramo Professor of Materials Science, California Institute of Technology   "It was a pleasure to read this book. It’s refreshing to see a textbook that encompasses all classes of materials with　a focus on areas of commonality, and written in a manner that students can follow on their own. —Sheikh A. Akbar, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University   "This textbook goes well beyond related books on kinetics by its educational quality, allowing the student to follow the content by self-instruction; a difficult task given the complexity and breadth of the overall topic remarkably well mastered by Prof. Readey." —Hans-Joachim Kleebe, Professor and Executive Director, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt   "In this work, students will find most of the information necessary to understand the research in this wavelength regime. The early chapters focus on astronomical objects and phenomena often studied using THz telescopes, which include the different phases of the interstellar medium (ISM) and star-forming regions found in the ISM. Walker first develops the radiative transfer framework for understanding how interstellar gas clouds absorb and emit light. He then leads readers through specific examples to interpret the THz radiation obtained from different astronomical objects. The latter half of the book focuses on the technology used in THz astronomy. Significant detail is provided about the engineering of THz detectors, which is combined with how these detectors work in practice with both single-dish and interferometer telescopes. The sample problems in each chapter are suitable for upper-level undergraduate or graduate level courses in astronomical techniques." —Choice Reviews (Chris Palma, Pennsylvania State University)   "The book provides every derivation and brings out the kinetic processes in materials science and engineering in an understandable way. As a teacher who has taught and is teaching courses in materials science and engineering and who has performed research in the area of electrochemical kinetics, I find this book extraordinary in all respects in giving in-depth mathematical derivations…. This is an excellent book…. I strongly recommend it" —MRS Bulletin (Sep 2017)