Female Masculinity

In this quintessential work of queer theory, Jack Halberstam takes aim at the protected status of male masculinity and shows that female masculinity has offered a distinct alternative to it for well over two centuries. Demonstrating how female masculinity is not some bad imitation of virility, but a lively and dramatic staging of hybrid and minority genders, Halberstam catalogs the diversity of gender expressions among masculine women from nineteenth-century pre-lesbian practices to contemporary drag king performances. Through detailed textual readings as well as empirical research, Halberstam uncovers a hidden history of female masculinities while arguing for a more nuanced understanding of gender categories that would incorporate rather than pathologize them. He rereads Anne Lister's diaries and Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness as foundational assertions of female masculine identity; considers the enigma of the stone butch and the politics surrounding butch/femme roles within lesbian communities; and explores issues of transsexuality among "transgender dykes"-lesbians who pass as men-and female-to-male transsexuals who may find the label of "lesbian" a temporary refuge. Halberstam also tackles such topics as women and boxing, butches in Hollywood and independent cinema, and the phenomenon of male impersonators. Featuring a new preface by the author, this twentieth anniversary edition of Female Masculinity remains as insightful, timely, and necessary as ever.

Table of Contents:
Illustrations  ix Preface to the Twentieth Anniversary Edition  xi Preface  xxiii 1. An Introduction to Female Masculinity: Masculinity without Men  1 2. Perverse Presentation: The Androgyne, the Tribade, the Female Husband, and Other Pre-Twentieth-Century Genders  45 3. "A Writer of Misfits": John Radclyffe Hall and the Discourse of Inversion  75 4. Lesbian Masculinity: Even Stone Butches Get the Blues  111 5. Transgender Butch: Butch/FTM Border Wars and the Masculine Continuum  141 6. Looking Butch: A Rough Guide to Butches on Film  175 7. Drag Kings: Masculinity and Performance  231 8. Raging Bull (Dyke): New Masculinities  267 Notes  279 Bibliography  307 Filmography  319 Index  323

About the Author :
Jack Halberstam is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University and the author of several books, including The Queer Art of Failure and Skin Shows: Gothic Horror and the Technology of Monsters, both also published by Duke University Press.

Review :
“[Halberstam] steers herself admirably between the subtle and not so subtle interactions between the personal and theoretical.” - Millissa Deitz (Screening the Past) “[R]efreshing . . . . Halberstam forces us to look at familiar texts and problems in fresh ways and leaves room for future scholarship to expand her critical insights. . . . [S]he has taken on a vast project and is clearly committed to sketching the contours of many possible approaches to female masculinity rather than dwelling on one or two . . . .[A]ccessible and enlightening . . . .” - Rachel Adams (GLQ) “A significant contribution to a growing genre of feminist analyses of masculinity. . . . Female Masculinity's greatest strength lies in its scope. . . . [It] should rank among our most important, sophisticated feminist analyses of the way maleness is constructed in Western culture. Because of its focus on specifically lesbian contributions to masculinity, Halberstam's book surpasses its predecessors in its special relevance to lesbian readers. Finally (and perhaps most importantly for Halberstam's peers), because of her book's attention to both popular and high art subjects, Female Masculinity is an important contribution to the growing field of Cultural Studies.” - Heather Findlay (Lesbian Review of Books) “Halberstam’s refusal to work within the ‘difference’ paradigm raises a series of exciting questions . . . . Female Masculinity takes on everything from eighteenth-century frictioners (tribades) to mustachioed drag kings like Mo B. Dick and Buster Hymen to transgender dykes. Halberstam argues convincingly that there has been persistent bias against masculine women in the lesbian community and in lesbian criticism. Moreover, she uses the example of the masculine woman to suggest that lesbians need a subtler vocabulary for sexuality and gender. . . .” - Heather Love (Transition) “In this landmark study, Halberstam consolidates her position as a key theorist within Queer scholarship. Female Masculinity is an immensely persuasive, powerfully-written text that imparts exciting and important theoretical ideas. It constitutes a valuable initial challenge to those in feminism and cultural studies who conflate masculinity with maleness, and offers an inspiring start for ongoing study.” - Maria Antoniou (Feminist Theory) "[A] unique offering in queer studies: a study of the masculine lesbian woman. Halberstam makes a compelling argument for a more flexible taxonomy of masculinity, including not only men, who have historically held the power in society, but also women who embody qualities that are usually associated with maleness, such as strength, authority, and independence." (Library Journal) "Halberstam’s book can be added to the list of important studies of masculinity and femininity. . . . Along with Judith Butler, Terry Castle, Sue-Ellen Case, and Eve K. Sedgwick, Halberstam-especially in her previous work on masculinity and lesbianism-is already established as one of the most thought-provoking voices in queer studies. This book will only enhance that reputation. Female Masculinity should find a wide readership. . . ." (Choice) "Judith Halberstam’s Female Masculinity is truly a pioneering document which disrupts eras of silence surrounding this topic. . . . [S]he crafts her language in a very inviting and accessible manner. She is clearly trying to be understood, which is a refreshing change from too many academic works. In addition, she infuses humor and little personal preferences or irritations (mostly through colorful adjective choices) into the middle of serious analysis, which makes the whole academic process more interesting and less elusive. . . . Whether you agree or disagree with her choices, the ideas are definitely stimulating. It is a book you’ll want to sit down with your friends and talk about. You find yourself overjoyed at one moment that someone has finally written down exactly what you’ve felt but haven’t been able to articulate, and in the next moment irritated because you think she’s mistaken. It is essentially an opening to the major taboo of masculinity in women . . . . [T]he genuine enthusiasm she brings to her research is catchy and this book could very well be the catalyst for expanding a whole field of thought. And, on a personal level, it simply affirms our lives and ideas." (Gay and Lesbian Times (San Diego)) "Judith Halberstam’s new book, Female Masculinity, is an extraordinary and studied work that carefully presents an analysis of gender, and more specifically, masculinity, without over-simplification or narrow definition. . . . This is the most thorough and broad-visioned work on female masculinity that I have yet seen. Halberstam’s work is an essential contribution to our increasing understanding of gender expression and its relationship to biology and sexual orientation, as well as to everything else." (Lambda Book Report) "There is a need for this book; Halberstam’s analysis offers the reader a fresh and positive spin on the much maligned stone butch figure, for example, and the book contains an interesting selection of photos of drag kings, transgender, and butch women. There are long sections detailing butch characters in film and modern drag performers, an area on which little has been written." (Siren) "Female Masculinity is a full-on attack on the idea that masculinity is exclusively-or even primarily-the property of men. . . . [It] aims to help restore a sense of butch pride, and to validate the entitlement of women to their own masculinity. . . . There’s an interesting defense of the stone butch, more often cast as a damaged and dysfunctional figure, and a walk along the debated borders between butch lesbians and female to male transsexuals. An accessible chapter on butch representation in film observes the emasculation of butches in mainstream productions-Fried Green Tomatoes, Desert Hearts-and there’s a useful analysis of what’s at stake in the drag king club acts in America and the UK. . . . [This is] the first full-length study in a crucial area and it’s a great starting point." (Diva)