Tunneling Spectroscopy: Capabilities, Applications, and New Techniques

This book has been compiled to give specialists, in areas that could be helped by tunneling spectroscopy, a rounded and relatively painless intro­ duction to the field. Why relatively painless? Because this book is filled with figures-A quick glance through these figures can give one a good idea of the types of systems that can be studied and the quality of results that can be obtained. To date, it has been somewhat difficult to learn about tunneling spectroscopy, as papers in this field have appeared in a diversity of scientific journals: for example. The Journal of Adhesion, J(}urnal (}f Catalysis, Surface and Interface Analysis, Science, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Physical Review-over 45 different ones in all, plus numerous conference proceedings. This diversity is, however, undoubtedly healthy. It indicates that the findings of tunneling spectroscopy are of interest and potential benefit to a wide audience. This book can help people who have seen a few papers or heard a talk on tunneling spectroscopy and want to learn more about what it can do for their field. Tunneling spectroscopy is presently in a transitional state. Its experi­ mental methods and theoretical basis have been reasonably well developed. Its continued vitality will depend on the success of its applications. Crucial to that success, as pointed out by Ward Plummer, is the adoption of tunneling spectroscopy by specialists in the areas of application.

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction.- 1. Why? Why? Why?.- 2. A Water Analogy for Tunneling Spectroscopy.- 3. Strengths of Tunneling Spectroscopy.- 4. Weaknesses of Tunneling Spectroscopy.- 5. General Experimental Techniques.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 2. The Interaction of Tunneling Electrons with Molecular Vibrations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Elastic Tunneling.- 3. Inelastic Tunneling.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 3. Tunneling Spectroscopies of Metal and Semiconductor Phonons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Threshold Spectroscopy of Normal State Phonons.- 3. Superconductive Tunneling: The Effective Phonon Spectrum ?2F(?).- 4. Proximity Tunneling Methods.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 4. Electronic Transitions Studied by Tunneling Spectroscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental.- 3. Results.- 4. What Are Not Electronic Transitions?.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 5. Light Emission from Tunnel Junctions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Planar Tunnel Junctions and Surface Polaritons.- 3. Light Emission from Tunnel Junctions: The Theoretical Picture and Examples.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 6. Comparisons of Tunneling Spectroscopy with Other Surface Analytical Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Major Surface Analytical Techniques: A Brief Survey.- 3. The Application of Modern Surface Analytical Techniques to the Characterization of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed on Alumina Supported Rhodium.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 7. The Detection and Identification of Biochemicals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. IET Spectra of Biological Compounds.- 3. Surface Adsorption and Orientation Effects on the IETS of Nucleotides.- 4. uv Radiation Damage Studies with IETS.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 8. The Study of Inorganic Ions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Why Study Inorganic Ions by Tunneling Spectroscopy?.- 3. Doping Techniques andInsulator Surfaces.- 4. Solution Phase versus Gas Phase Adsorption.- 5. Representative Spectra.- 6. The Role of Counterions.- 7. Oxidation and Reduction Processes.- 8. What’s Next?.- 9. Conclusions.- References.- 9. Studies of Electron-Irradiation-Induced Changes to Monomolecular Structure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Present State-of-the-Art Experiments.- 3. Suggestions for Future Experiments.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 10. Study of Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibitor Species on Aluminum Surfaces.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Corrosion of Aluminum by Carbon Tetrachloride.- 3. Inhibition of Corrosion by Formamide.- 4. Corrosion of Aluminum by Trichloroethylene.- 5. Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 11. Adsorption and Reaction on Aluminum and Magnesium Oxides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clean Aluminum Oxide.- 3. Dirty Aluminum Oxide.- 4. Doped Aluminum Oxide.- 5. Clean Magnesium Oxide.- 6. Doped Magnesium Oxide.- 7. Technical Postscript.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 12. The Structure and Catalytic Reactivity of Supported Homogeneous Cluster Compounds.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Procedures.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 13. Model Supported Metal Catalysts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Special Techniques.- 3. Experimental Results.- 4. Future Areas of Study.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 14. Computer-Assisted Determination of Peak Profiles, Intensities, and Positions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Measurement of Tunneling Conductance and Its Derivatives.- 3. Interfacing with a Computer.- 4. Peak Profile Determination.- 5. Data Handling.- References.- 15. Infusion Doping of Tunnel Junctions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Description of Infusion.- 3. Experiments Relating to Physical Mechanisms of Infusion.-4. Examples of Molecules Infused.- 5. Applications of Infusion.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 16. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Subnanogram Samples with Tunneling Spectroscopy.- References.