Introduction to Intelligence Studies

Since the attacks of 9/11, the United States Intelligence Community (IC) has undergone an extensive overhaul. Perhaps the greatest of these changes has been the formation of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. As a cabinet-level official, the Director oversees the various agencies of the IC and reports directly to the President. The IC today faces challenges as it never has before; everything from terrorism to pandemics to economic stability has now become an intelligence issue. As a result, the IC is shifting its focus to a world in which tech-savvy domestic and international terrorists, transnational criminal organizations, failing states, and economic instability are now a way of life. Introduction to Intelligence Studies provides a comprehensive overview of intelligence and security issues, defining critical terms, and reviewing the history of intelligence as practiced in the United States. Designed in a practical sequence, the book begins with the basics of intelligence, progresses through its history, describes best practices, and explores the way the IC looks and operates today. Each chapter begins with objectives and key terms and closes with questions to test reader assimilation. The authors examine the "pillars" of the American intelligence system—collection, analysis, counterintelligence, and covert operations—and demonstrate how these work together to provide "decision advantage." The book provides equal treatment to the functions of the intelligence world—balancing coverage on intelligence collection, counterintelligence, information management, critical thinking, and decision-making. It also covers such vital issues as laws and ethics, writing and briefing for the IC, and the emerging threats and challenges that intelligence professionals will face in the future.

Table of Contents:
An Overview of Intelligence What Is Intelligence? The Challenge of Defining Intelligence Information and Intelligence Types of Intelligence Functions of Intelligence Agencies Policymakers and Decision-Makers Intelligence Foundations in U.S. Government U.S. Intelligence Community Purpose of Intelligence Limitations of Intelligence History of Intelligence in the United States Revolutionary War to Civil War Civil War to World War I Law Enforcement Intelligence: The Palmer Raids World War I to Pearl Harbor World War II The Cold War National Security Act of 1947 Early Days of the CIA Korean War Creation of the National Security Agency Evolution of IMINT Cuba Vietnam Era War at Home Watergate and the Pike and Church Committees The Carter Years The Reagan Years: End of Cold War End of the Soviet Union Emergence of Terrorism Espionage in 1980s and 1990s The Clinton Years 9/11 and Its Aftermath Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and Creation of the Director of National Intelligence Recent Developments in the Struggle against Terrorism The IC Today Designated Federal Agencies and the DNI Director of National Intelligence Independent Agencies: CIA Department of Energy: Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence DHS: Office of Intelligence and Analysis DHS: Coast Guard Intelligence Department of Justice: FBI Department of Justice: DEA Department of State: Bureau of Intelligence and Research Department of the Treasury: Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Military Agencies: Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines Military Agencies: Defense Intelligence Agency Military Agencies: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Military Agencies: National Security Agency Military Agencies: National Reconnaissance Office Federal, State, and Local Agencies Federal Agencies State and Local Agencies Private Sector Collection Considerations for Collection Credibility Issues: Vetting the Source Information: How Much Is Enough? Protecting Sources and Methods First Step in Collection—You Need to Have a Plan Collection Methods: The "INTs" Human Intelligence Signals Intelligence Geospatial Intelligence Financial Intelligence Open Source Intelligence Barriers to Analysis Murky World of IC Psychological Barriers Group Decision-Making Bureaucratic Barriers: Politics and the Will of the Policymaker Bureaucratic Barriers: Information Sharing Security and Sharing: Inherent Tension Analytical Methods Critical Thinking Collaboration Structured Analytical Techniques Understanding Our Assumptions: Key Assumptions Check Considering All Sides of the Issue: Analysis of Competing Hypotheses Preparing for Whatever Comes: Scenarios The Emperor’s Clothes Are Fair Game: Contrarian Methods Analytical Software Putting It All Together: The Intelligence Cycle Information and the Origin of the Intelligence Cycle The Intelligence Cycle Step One: Planning and Direction Step Two: Collection Step Three: Processing Step Four: Analysis Step Five: Dissemination Step Six: Evaluation Critical Reactions to the Intelligence Cycle Counterintelligence Defensive Counterintelligence Classification Systems Security Clearances Counterintelligence Operations Offensive Counterintelligence Catching Spies in the United States International Operations Disinformation Counterintelligence Operations Today Covert Operations Covert Operations Clandestine Operations Deception Operations Recent History of Covert and Clandestine Operations by the United States Military Covert Operations Legal Requirements upon the President to Report Intelligence Operations Covert Operations and the War on Terror Are Covert Operations a Good Idea? Constitutional Mandates—Overview of Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Roles Legal Origin of the Intelligence Community Intelligence and International Law Targeting and Assassination Fourth Amendment: Right to Privacy History of FISA 28 Code of Federal Regulations 23 First Amendment Issues and Intelligence USA PATRIOT Act Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act Terrorism and Legal Proceedings Classified Information Procedures Act Ethics Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community Writing Types of Intelligence Writing Writing for an Audience How to Write Intelligence Products Good versus Bad Intelligence Writing The Art of Writing The Writing Process Briefing Basics of Public Speaking Briefing Preparation The Briefing Military Intelligence Purpose of Military Intelligence Types of Military Intelligence Command and Control The Military Intelligence Cycle Evolution of Military Intelligence Current State of Military Intelligence Intelligence Role of the Commander Role of the Military Intelligence Officer The "2 Section" Military Intelligence Assets Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield and Today’s Threat Structure Military Intelligence within the National Defense Structure United States Army United States Navy United States Marine Corps United States Air Force Criminal Intelligence and Crime Analysis History of Intelligence in Law Enforcement Law Enforcement and Intelligence Criminal Intelligence before the 9-11 Attacks Intelligence-Led Policing in the United States and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan Fusion Centers Crime Analysis Research behind Crime Analysis Types of Crime Analysis Criminal Investigative Analysis Geographic Profiling Threats and Challenges for the Twenty-first Century Threats Natural Threats Illicit Drug Production and Distribution Border Security and Immigration Issues Transnational Organized Crime Human Trafficking Intellectual Property Theft Cyber Security Weapons Trafficking Terrorism Failed States, Failing States, and Rogue Nations Future of Intelligence Forecasting the Future A Look Ahead Technology Demographics Economic Trends Politics/Governance Vision 2015: How the DNI Defines the Future Infrastructure and Technology Policy Index

About the Author :
Carl J. Jensen III, Ph.D., is the director of the University of Mississippi’s (UM) Center for Intelligence and Security Studies. He also is a member of UM’s Legal Studies Department and serves in an adjunct capacity as a senior behavioral scientist with the RAND Corporation. Dr. Jensen served as a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for 22 years; his FBI career included service as a field agent, a forensic examiner in the FBI Laboratory, and an instructor and assistant chief of the Behavioral Science Unit. He has published extensively and lectured throughout the world. David H. McElreath, Ph.D., has a background that includes service as professor and chair, Department of Legal Studies, University of Mississippi; professor and chair, Department of Criminal Justice, Washburn University; associate professor, Southeast Missouri State University; Colonel, United States Marine Corps; and Law Enforcement and Corrections positions with the Oxford (Mississippi) Police and Forrest County (Mississippi) Sheriff’s Department. He is the author of numerous publications on the criminal justice system. Melissa Graves, J.D., M.A., serves as project coordinator and instructor at the University of Mississippi’s Center for Intelligence and Security Studies. Among her other accomplishments, she and her codeveloper Walter Flaschka have designed and implemented the Days of Intrigue, a realistic practical exercise conducted yearly at UM that involves numerous intelligence community agencies. She is presently pursuing a Ph.D. in history. Ms. Graves has been admitted to the Bars of Texas and Washington.

Review :
"The authors, all proven educators on national security issues, have effectively delivered on their objective … provides the student a clear understanding of the complexity of intelligence gathering and analysis." —Security Management