Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering,Third Edition

Encompassing a variety of engineering disciplines and life sciences, the very scope and breadth of biomedical engineering presents challenges to creating a concise, entry level text that effectively introduces basic concepts without getting overly specialized in subject matter or rarified in language. Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, Third Edition meets and overcomes these challenges to provide the beginning student with the foundational tools and the confidence they need to apply these techniques to problems of ever greater complexity. Bringing together fundamental engineering and life science principles, this highly accessible text provides a focused coverage of key momentum and mass transport concepts in biomedical engineering. It offers a basic review of units and dimensions, material balances, and problem-solving tips, and then emphasizes those chemical and physical transport processes that have applications in the development of artificial and bioartificial organs, controlled drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. The book also includes a discussion of thermodynamic concepts and covers topics such as body fluids, osmosis and membrane filtration, physical and flow properties of blood, solute and oxygen transport, and pharmacokinetic analysis. It concludes with the application of these principles to extracorporeal devices as well as tissue engineering and bioartificial organs. Designed for the beginning student, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, Third Edition provides a quantitative understanding of the underlying physical, chemical, and biological phenomena involved. It offers mathematical models using the `shell balance" or compartmental approaches, along with numerous examples and end-of-chapter problems based on these mathematical models and in many cases these models are compared with actual experimental data. Encouraging students to work examples with the mathematical software package of their choice, this text provides them the opportunity to explore various aspects of the solution on their own, or apply these techniques as starting points for the solution to their own problems.

Table of Contents:
Introduction Review of Units and Dimensions Dimensional Equation Tips for Solving Engineering Problems Conservation of Mass A Review of Thermodynamic Concepts The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Properties The Fundamental Property Relations Single Phase Open Systems Phase Equilibrium Physical Properties of the Body Fluids and the Cell Membrane Body Fluids Fluid Compositions Capillary Plasma Protein Retention Osmotic Pressure Formation of the Interstitial Fluid Net Capillary Filtration Rate Lymphatic System Solute Transport Across the Capillary Endothelium The Cell Membrane Ion Pumps The Physical and Flow Properties of Blood Physical Properties of Blood Cellular Components Rheology Relationship Between Shear Stress and Shear Rate Hagan-Poiseuille Equation Other Useful Flow Relationships Rheology of Blood The Casson Equation Using the Casson Equation The Velocity Profile for Tube Flow of a Casson Fluid Tube Flow of Blood at Low Shear Rates The Effect of The Diameter at High Shear Rates Marginal Zone Theory Using the Marginal Zone Theory Boundary Layer Theory Generalized Mechanical Energy Balance Equation Capillary Rise and Capillary Action Solute Transport in Biological Systems Description of Solute Transport in Biological Systems Capillary Properties Capillary Flowrates Solute Diffusion Solute Transport by Capillary Filtration Solute Diffusion Within Heterogeneous Media Solute Permeability The Irreversible Thermodynamics of Membrane Transport Transport of Solutes Across the Capillary Wall Transport of Solute Between a Capillary and the Surrounding Tissue Space Oxygen Transport in Biological Systems The Diffusion of Oxygen In Multicellular Systems Hemoglobin The Hemoglobin-Oxygen Dissociation Curve Oxygen Levels in Blood The Hill Equation Other Factors That Can Affect the Oxygen Dissociation Curve Tissue Oxygenation Oxygen Transport in Bioartificial Organs and Tissue Engineered Constructs Steady State Oxygen Transport in a Perfusion Bioreactor Oxygen Transport in the Krogh Tissue Cylinder An Approximate Solution for Oxygen Transport in the Krogh Tissue Cylinder Artificial Blood Pharmacokinetic Analysis Terminology Entry Routes for Drugs Modeling Approaches Factors that Affect Drug Distribution Drug Clearance A Model for Intravenous Injection of Drug Accumulation of Drug in the Urine Constant Infusion of Drug First Order Drug Absorption and Elimination Two Compartment Models Extracorporeal Devices Applications Contacting Schemes Membrane Solute Transport Estimating the Mass Transfer Coefficients Estimating the Solute Diffusivity in Blood Hemodialysis Blood Oxygenators Immobilized Enzyme Reactors Affinity Adsorption Tissue Engineering Introduction Cell Transplantation The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Cellular Interactions Polymeric Support Structures Biocompatibility and the Initial Response to an Implant Tissue Ingrowth in Porous Polymeric Structures Measuring the Blood Flow Within Scaffolds Used for Tissue Engineering Cell Transplantation into Polymeric Support Structures Bioreactor Design for Tissue Engineering Bioartificial Organs Background Some Immunology Immunoisolation Permeability of Immunoisolation Membranes Membrane Sherwood Number Bioartificial Organs The Bioartificial Liver The Bioartificial Kidney Design Considerations for Bioartificial Organs References Index