Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and Bionanotechnology, Second Edition

Colloidal systems occur everywhere—in soils, seawater, foodstuff, pharmaceuticals, paints, blood, biological cells, and microorganisms. Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and Bionanotechnology, Second Edition, gives a concise treatment of physicochemical principles determining interrelated colloidal and interfacial phenomena. New in the Second Edition: New topics, including phase separations in polymer systems, electrokinetics of charged permeable surface coatings, and polymer brush coatings to control adsorption and adhesion of particles Emphasis on inter-particle interactions and surface phenomena in (bio)nanotechnology Full solutions to over 100 updated and additional exercises are presented in the Appendix Focusing on physicochemical concepts that form the basis of understanding colloidal and interfacial phenomena—rather than on experimental methods and techniques—this book is an excellent primer for students and scientists interested in colloidal and interfacial phenomena, their mutual relations and connections, and the fascinating role they play in natural and man-made systems.

Table of Contents:
Each chapter includes Exercises and Suggestions for Further Reading Introduction Colloidal Domain Interfaces Are Closely Related to Colloids Colloid and Interface Science in a Historical Perspective Classification of Colloidal Systems Colloidal Particles: Shapes and Size Distributions Shapes Particle Size Distributions Average Molar Mass. Specific Surface Area Some Thermodynamic Principles and Relations, with Special Attention to Interfaces Energy, Work, and Heat: The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy Reversible Processes: Definition of Intensive Variables Introduction of Other Functions of State: Maxwell Relations Molar Properties and Partial Molar Properties: Dependence of the Chemical Potential on Temperature, Pressure, and Composition of the System Criteria for Equilibrium: Osmotic Pressure Phase Equilibria, Partitioning, Solubilization, and Chemical Equilibrium Entropy of Mixing Excess Nature of Interfacial Thermodynamic Quantities: The Gibbs Dividing Plane Gibbs–Duhem Relation Gibbs Adsorption Equation Some Applications of the Gibbs Adsorption Equation Nonideal Mixtures Water Phenomenological Aspects of Water Molecular Properties of Water Water as a Solvent Interfacial Tension Interfacial Tension: Phenomenological Aspects. Interfacial Tension as a Force: Mechanical Definition of Interfacial Tension Interfacial Tension as an Interfacial (Gibbs) Energy: Thermodynamic Definition of Interfacial Tension Operational Restrictions of Interfacial Tension Interfacial Tension and the Works of Cohesion and Adhesion Molecular Interpretation of Interfacial Tension Curvature and Capillarity Capillary Pressure: The Young–Laplace Equation .Radii of Curvature Some Consequences of Capillary Pressure Curvature and Chemical Potential: Kelvin’s Law and Ostwald’s Law Curvature and Nucleation Monolayers at Fluid Interfaces The Interfacial Pressure. Gibbs and Langmuir Monolayers: Equations of State. Formation of Monolayers Pressure–Area Isotherms of Langmuir Monolayers: Two-Dimensional Phases Transfer of Monolayers to Solid Surfaces: Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaefer Films Covalent Organic Monolayers Wetting of Solid Surfaces Contact Angle: Equation of Young and Dupré Some Complications in the Establishment of the Contact Angle: Hysteresis, Surface Heterogeneity, and Roughness Wetting and Adhesion: Determination of Surface Polarity Approximation of the Surface Tension of a Solid: The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting Wetting by Solutions Containing Surfactants Capillary Penetration Some Practical Applications and Implications of Wetting: Impregnation, Flotation, Pickering Stabilization, and Cleansing Electrochemistry of Interfaces Electric Charge Electric Potential The Gibbs Energy of an Electrical Double Layer Models for the Electrical Double Layer Donnan Effect, Donnan Equilibrium, Colloidal Osmotic Pressure, and Membrane Potential Exercises Electrokinetic Phenomena The Plane of Shear: The Zeta Potential Derivation of the Zeta Potential from Electrokinetic Phenomena Some Complications in Deriving the Zeta Potential Interpretation of the Zeta Potential Applications of Electrokinetic Phenomena Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Molecules Self-Assembly as Phase Separation Different Types of Self-Assembled Structures Aggregation as a "Start–Stop" Process: Size and Shape of Self-Assembled Structures Mass Action Model for Micellization Factors That Influence the Critical Micelle Concentration Bilayer Structures Reverse Micelles Microemulsions Self-Assembled Structures in Applications Polymers Polymers in Solution Conformations of Dissolved Polymer Molecules. Coil-Like Polymer Conformations Semi-Dilute and Concentrated Polymer Solutions Polyelectrolytes Phase Separations in Polymer Solutions: Complex Coacervation Polymer–Surfactant. Polymer Gels Proteins The Amino Acids in Proteins The Three-Dimensional Structure of Protein Molecules in Aqueous Solution Noncovalent Interactions That Determine the Structure of a Protein Molecule in Water Stability of Protein Structure in Aqueous Solution. Thermodynamic Analysis of Protein Structure Stability Reversibility of Protein Denaturation: Aggregation of Unfolded Protein Molecules Adsorption Adsorbent–Adsorbate Interactions Adsorption Kinetics. Adsorption Equilibrium Binding of Ligands Applications of Adsorption Adsorption of (Bio)Polymers, with Special Emphasis on Globular Proteins Adsorption Kinetics. Morphology of the Interface Relaxation of the Adsorbed Molecule Adsorption Affinity: Adsorption Isotherm Driving Forces for Adsorption of Globular Proteins Reversibility of the Protein Adsorption Process: Desorption and Exchange Competitive Protein Adsorption Exercises Stability of Lyophobic Colloids against Aggregation Forces Operating between Colloidal Particles DLVO Theory of Colloid Stability Influence of Polymers on Colloidal Stability. Aggregation Kinetics Morphology of Colloidal Aggregates Rheology, with Special Attention to Dispersions and Interfaces Rheological Properties Classification of Materials Based on Their Rheological Behavior Viscosity of Diluted Liquid Dispersions Interfacial Rheology Emulsions and Foams Phenomenological Aspects Emulsification and Foaming Emulsion and Foam Stability. Modulation of the Coarseness and Stability of Emulsions and Foams Physicochemical Properties of Biological Membranes Structure and Dynamics of Biomembranes Electrochemical Properties of Biomembranes Transport in Biological Membranes Transmembrane Potential Exercises Suggestions for Further Reading Bioadhesion A Qualitative Description of Biofilm Formation Biological Surfaces Physicochemical Models for Cell Deposition and Adhesion Surface Modification to Reduce (Bio)Adhesion General Thermodynamic Analysis of Particle Adhesion

About the Author :
Willem Norde is Professor of Bionanotechnology at Wageningen University and Research Center, and Professor of Colloid and Interface Science at the University Medical Center Groningen and the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. His main research expertise is on interfacial behavior of proteins, biological cells and bacteria, as well as on encapsulation and release of functional ingredients in and from nanocapsules. He is author or coauthor of more than 240 scientific publications and coeditor of Physical Chemistry of Biological Interfaces (Marcel Dekker, 2000) and of Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Sector (Wiley-VCH, 2011) and author of Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences (Marcel Dekker, 2003). Willem Norde has taught various courses, such as Colloid an Interface Science, Biopolymers at Interfaces, Physics and Chemistry of Supramolecular Systems, and Chemical Thermodynamics. He is a member of the Royal Dutch Association of Chemists, the Dutch Association of Biotechnologists, and the International Association of Colloid and Interface Scientists. Dr. Norde received the MSc (1969) and PhD (1976) degrees from Wageningen University, The Netherlands.