Teaching Physical Education

Table of Contents:
Dedication Preface CHAPTER 1 What Is Physical Education? The Value and Purpose of Quality Physical Education The Purpose of Quality Physical Education Physically Educated–Physically Literate Standards-Based Curriculum Obesity Characteristics of a Quality Physical Education Program Content Standards in Physical Education Standard One: (Demonstrates Competency in a Variety of Motor Skills and Movement Patterns) Standard Two: (Applies Knowledge of Concepts, Principles, Strategies, and Tactics Related to Movement and performance) Standard Three: (Demonstrates the Knowledge and Skills to Achieve and Maintain a Health-Enhancing Level of Physical Activity and Fitness) Standard Four: (Exhibits Responsible Personal and Social Behavior That Respects Self and Others) Standard Five: (Recognizes the Value of Physical Activity for Health, Enjoyment, Challenge, Self-expression, and/or Social Interactions) Appropriate and Inappropriate Physical Education Practices Curriculum Movement Skills and Concepts Fitness Concepts Learning Domains Success Participation The Benefits of Providing Students with a Quality Physical Education Program Health Academic Lifestyle Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 2 History and Philosophies of Physical Education Ancient History The Renaissance and the Reformation Cultural Changes Educators of the Renaissance Petrus Paulas Vergerius (1370–1444) Vittorino da Feltre (1378–1446) Educators of the Reformation Martin Luther (1483–1546) John Calvin (1509–1564) Thomas Elyot (1490–1546) The Age of Science and the Enlightenment Scientists and Philosophers of the Period Francis Bacon (1561–1626) Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) Isaac Newton (1642–1727) Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) Rene Descartes (1596–1650) Educators of the Period Francois Rabelais (1483–1553) Richard Mulcaster (1530–1611) John Comenius (1592–1671) John Locke (1632–1704) Physical Educators Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712–1788) Johann Bernhard Basedow (1723–1790) Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) The Development of Physical Education through the Philosophical Position of the Body Idealists from Germany Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) Applying Idealism in a Physical Education Setting Educators of the Period Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827) Per Henrik Ling (1776–1839) Franz Nachtegall (1777–1847) Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782–1852) Charles Follen (1795–1840) Charles Beck (1798–1866) Francis Lieber (1800–1872) Philosophy Traditional Philosophies in Physical Education Realism Idealism Naturalism Pragmatism Existentialism Ethics in Physical Education Developing Your Own Philosophy Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 3 The Educator Future/Advocacy Administrators Principal Superintendent School Board Stakeholders Community Parents Students Collaboration School Level District Level State Level Regional Level National Level Accountability Data Collection Advocacy Role Model Professionalism Analyzing Your Teaching Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 4 How We Influence Learning Reflective Teaching Lesson Design Progression of Content Curriculum Design Assessing the Students Behavior Management Facilities and Equipment Instructional Methodology Teaching Styles Direct Instruction Command Style Practice Style Reciprocal Style Self-Check Style Inclusion Style Indirect Styles Guided Discovery Style Convergent Style Divergent Style Learner Designed Learner Imitated Positive Learning Environment Success For All Students Checking For Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 5 Content Analysis and Development Curriculum Factors Influencing Curriculum Development Scope and Sequence Elementary Middle School High School Creating Curricular Assessments for Qualiity Physical Education Curricular Models Skill Theme Approach Adventure Education Outdoor Education Teaching Games for Understanding Sport Education Fitness Wellness Personal and Social Responsibility Movement Analysis Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 6 Planning Assessment Objectives Behavior Condition Criterion Lesson Planning Standards National State Safety Considerations Checking for Understanding Equipment Introduction Explanation of Activity Diagramming Closure Checking For Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 7 Assessment Purpose of Assessment Formative Assessment Summative Assessment Psychomotor Assessment Cognitive Assessment Affective Assessment Types of Assessment Observation Event Tasks Journals Portfolios Exams Skill Tests Student Logs Making Assessment Important Establish Criteria Simple Check Sheets and Rating Scales Peer Assessments Student Grading Achievement Improvement Effort Conduct Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 8 Designing the Activities within a Lesson Getting Started Grade-Level Appropriate Developmentally Appropriate Criteria for Creating an Activity Developing the Activity Purpose Organization Location Students Individual Activity Partner Activity Small Group Activity Large Group Activity Entire Class Activities Time Space Equipment Transitions Safety Redesigning the Lesson or Activities Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 9 Presentation of Material Teachers’ Functions During Activity Teaching Strategies Students Attention Procedures Signals Orientation Checking for Understanding Demonstrations Use of Media Learning Cues Closure Feedback Descriptive Prescriptive Knowledge of Results Knowledge of Performance Student Motivation Interest Challenges Internal versus External Motivation Humor Personal Interaction Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 10 Maintaining a Learning Environment Behavior Management What Is Behavioral Management? Maintaining Appropriate Classroom Behavior Positive & Proactive Approaches Why be Proactive Student Engagement Teacher-Driven Difficulties Identifying Behaviors Expectations for Behavior Types of Reinforcement Differential Reinforcement Teaching Styles Revisited Command Style Guided Discovery Style Practice Style Motivation Learning Meaningful Challenging Students While Maintaining Success Creating Personal Interest for Each Student Goal Setting Handling Success and Failure Culminating Activities Maintaining Appropriate Classroom Behavior Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 11 Motor Learning & Motor Development What is Motor Learning? Understanding Motor Development Through Theoretical Approaches Information Processing Model Ecological Approach Model Preparing Responses Behavioral Theories Degrees of Freedom Early Theories Neural Processes Sensory Receptors Brain Stages of Learning Fitts and Posner’s Three Stages of Learning Cognitive/Novice Learner Associative Learner Autonomous Learner Motion & Stability Force Absorption Stability and Balance Early Motor Development Constraints of Development Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 12 Adapted Physical Education Introduction to Adapted Physical Education Understanding Disabilities and Learning Individualized Education Programs Assessment Strategies Communication Techniques to Promote Participation Instructional Strategies for Ape Peer Tutoring and Paraeducators Inclusion/Integration Historical Perspective Adapting Activities Creating Success Intellectual Disabilities Behavioral Disabilities Autism Spectrum Specific Learning Disabilities National Standards for Ape Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings CHAPTER 13 Educator Responsibilities Role Model Professionalism Analyzing Your Teaching Checking for Understanding References/Suggested Readings