Concise Neurology

Concise Neurology presents neurology content in a logical sequence within each of ten chapters. Virtually every topic of interest to clinicians is covered in one or two pages to facilitate efficient review of the core concepts in diagnosis and treatment for each syndrome or disease. The author has maintained a thematic unity across related pages, which allows for random reading to be almost as fruitful as sequential reading. For example, a reader who opens the "anticoagulation" page will find a capsulized review of the heparin, warfarin, and thrombolysis stroke trials and the evidence supporting the current therapeutic guidelines. Flipping through neighboring pages will rapidly refresh the position of the clinically relevant thrombophilias in relation to the coagulation pathway, indications for lifelong anticoagulation, causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, and the bare bones of the most important etiologies of strokes in the young. The book presents higher level content than the student "In a Page" text, covers each topic in more depth, and addresses issues related to pathophysiology and neuropathology of diseases. Concise Neurology will be a welcome resource for busy practitioners, residents, fellows, medical students, and allied health care professionals in the neurosciences who require a rapid, readable overview of a complex subject.

Table of Contents:
CONTENTS Preface vii Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi 1 Basics of Metabolism and Pediatric Neurology ..............................................1Spectrum of Vitamin B Carbohydrate Metabolism: Inherited Muscle Glycogenosis 3 Mitochondrial Metabolism 4 Lipid Metabolism 5 Purine Metabolism Disorders 6 Peroxisomal Disorders 11 Lysosomal Disorders: Sphingolipidoses 12 Lysosomal Disorders: Mucopolysaccharidoses 14 Porphyrias 15 Dopamine and Catecholamine Metabolic Disorders 16 Norepinephrine System 17 Serotonin System 18 Electrolyte Derangements 19 Voltage-Gated Channels (Ionic Interaction) 24 Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 27 Glutamate Receptors 28 Autism Spectrum Disorders 29 Attention-Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder 30 Floppy Infant Syndrome 31 Microcephaly 33 Macrocephaly 35 Glutaric Aciduria Type I 36 Biotinidase Defi ciency 37 Mitochondrial Diseases 38 Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Syndromes 39 Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome and Related Disorders 40 Primary White Matter Disorders 41 Primary Gray Matter Disorders 43 Symmetrical Bilateral Signal Abnormalities within the Basal Ganglia 44 Angelman Syndrome 45 Neurocutaneous Syndromes (Phakomatoses) 46 12-Requiring Disorders 2 2 Stroke, Migraine, and Epilepsy .........................................................................48Stroke 49 Emergency Treatment of Ischemic Stroke 53 Antiplatelet Drugs 54 Carotid Endarterectomy 56 Transient Ischemic Attack 57 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 58 Intracerebral Hemorrhage 59 Increased Intracranial Pressure 60 Patent Foramen Ovale 61 Neurovascular Syndromes 62 Thalamic Syndromes 64 CADASIL 70 Important Stroke Mimickers 72 Thrombotic Microangiopathies 74 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 75 Epilepsy 76 Generalized Frontally Dominant Slow (3.5 Hz) Spike and Wave 77 Centrotemporal Spikes and Waves 77 Febrile Seizures 78 Antiepileptic Agents 79 Mechanisms of Action of AEDs 80 Surgery for Epilepsy 82 Status Epilepticus 83 Epilepsy in Women 84 Neonatal and Pediatric EEG 85 Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials 87 Visual Evoked Potentials 88 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials 88 Myoclonic Encephalopathies 90 Atypical Progressive Myoclonic Encephalopathy 91 Myoclonus and Renal Failure 92 Epileptic Encephalopathies with Myoclonus 93 Sleep Disorders 94 Coma 98 Persistent Vegetative State 99 Brain Death 100 Migraine and Other Headaches 101 Selected Secondary Headaches 107 3 Infectious Diseases ..........................................................................................108Cerebrospinal Fluid 109 Viral Encephalitis 111 Imaging of Viral Encephalitis 112 Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome 115 Postencephalitic Parkinsonism 116 HIV/AIDS-Related Infectious Disorders 117 Neuroimaging of Abscesses 119 Neurosyphilis 120 Lyme Disease (Neuroborreliosis) 121 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 122 Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System 123 Neurosarcoidosis 125 Whipple Disease 126 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis 127 Prion Diseases 128 Pathology of Infectious Diseases 130 Pathology of Fungal Infections 131 Pathology of Prion Diseases 133 4 Neurotoxicology ................................................................................................134Manganese Toxicity 135 Botulism 136 Nonbotulism Causes of Toxic Weakness 137 Envenomations 138 Lead Poisoning 139 Mercury Intoxication 140 Toxic Gases 142 Toxic Solvents and Other Chemicals 143 Marine Biotoxins 144 Substance Abuse Disorders 145 Alcohol and Sedatives Abuse and Withdrawal 146 Alcoholism 147 Psychostimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamine 150 Marijuana, Hallucinogens, and PCP 151 Opioids Intoxication and Withdrawal 152 Toxic Leukoencephalopathies 153 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 154 5 Movement Disorders ........................................................................................155Cerebellar ataxias 155 Inherited Ataxias with Identifi able Biochemical Errors 156 Hereditary Ataxias: Autosomal Dominant Inheritance 157 Episodic Ataxias 159 Hereditary Ataxias: Autosomal Recessive Inheritance 160 Hereditary Ataxias: X-Linked Inheritance 164 Congenital Ataxic Disorders 166 Acquired Ataxias: Selected Disorders 168 Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation 169 Acanthocytosis-Related Neurologic Disorders 170 Dystonia 171 Parkinson Disease 178 Imaging in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Parkinsonisms 180 Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias 183 Tremor in Conditions Other Than PD 187 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 189 Multiple System Atrophy 191 Autonomic Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases 193 Corticobasal Degeneration 194 Machado-Joseph Disease 195 Other Parkinsonian Disorders 196 Pathology of Tauopathies 198 Pathology of Synucleinopathies 199 Chorea 200 Huntington Disease 201 Sydenham Disease 202 Restless Leg Syndrome (Ekbom Syndrome) 203 Paroxysmal Dyskinesias 204 Selected Facial Disorders 206 Myoclonus 207 Wilson Disease 208 Tourette Syndrome 209 6 Behavioral Neurology ......................................................................................210Behavioral Neuroanatomy 211 Amnesia 213 Memory Primer 214 Agnosias 215 Apraxias 216 Aphasias 217 Acquired Dyslexia and Peripheral Dyslexia 218 Neglect 219 Delirium or Acute Confusional State 220 Alzheimer’s Disease 221 Mild Cognitive Impairment 224 Vascular Dementia 225 Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) 226 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration 227 Focal Atrophy Syndromes in Dementias 229 Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB): Offi ce Assessment of Frontal Function 230 7 Neuro-ophthalmology and Neuro-otology ...................................................231Transient Monocular Visual Loss 232 Permanent Monocular Visual Loss 233 Binocular Visual Loss 235 Cerebral Visual Loss 236 Anisocoria 237 Diplopia 239 Disorders of Saccades 241 Nystagmus 242 Selected Cerebellar, Pontine, and Midbrain Oculomotor Syndromes 244 Giant-Cell Arteritis 245 Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome 246 Dizziness: Vertigo and Lightheadedness 247 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo 248 Ménière’s Disease 250 Cerebellar Ataxia with Bilateral Vestibulopathy 251 8 Neural Tube Closure and Other Congenital Malformations .......................252 Demyelinating Diseases, Neuro-oncology and Disorders ofMultiple Sclerosis 253 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome 261 Autoimmune Channelopathies 263 Autoimmune Encephalopathies 264 Brain Tumors 265 Circumscribed Astrocytomas 266 Diffuse Astrocytomas 267 Oligodendrogliomas 268 Ependymal Tumors 269 Neuronal Tumors 270 Mixed Ganglioneuronal Tumors 271 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors 272 Meningeal and Mesenchymal Tumors 273 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma 274 Pineal Tumors and Keratin-Containing Masses 275 Paraneoplastic Syndromes of the CNS 277 Paraneoplastic Syndromes of the PNS 278 Disorders of Neural Tube Closure and Other Congenital Malformations 280 9 Neuromuscular Disorders ...............................................................................283Brachial Plexopathies 284 Brachial Neuropathies 285 Assessment of Hand Weakness 287 Lumbar Plexus 288 Sacral Plexus 288 Tibial Nerve 289 Peroneal Nerve 289 Assessment of Foot Drop 290 Guillain-Barré Syndrome 291 Chronic Infl ammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy 292 Myasthenia Gravis 293 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Motor Neuron Disease) 294 Spinal Cord Pathologies per Compartment 297 Neurogenic Bladder 299 Axonal Polyneuropathies 301 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 303 Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension 304 Autosomal Dominant Recurrent Hereditary Neuropathies 305 Paraproteinemic Neuropathies 308 Multiple Myeloma 310 Amyloid Neuropathies 311 Peripheral Nerve Tumors 312 Muscular Dystrophies: X-Linked Dystrophinopathies 313 Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies 314 Congenital Muscular Dystrophies 315 Distal Myopathies 316 Myotonic Dystrophy 317 Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy 318 Scapuloperoneal Dystrophy 318 Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy 318 Infl ammatory Myopathies 319 Metabolic Myopathies 321 Episodic Muscle Weakness 322 Familial Periodic Paralysis: Clinical Recognition 323 Progressive or Stable Muscle Weakness 324 Mitochondrial Myopathies 325 Other Myogenic Causes of Cramps and Myalgia 326 Neurogenic Causes of Cramps and Myalgia 327 Congenital Myopathies 328 Malignant Hyperthermia Syndrome 329 Critical Illness-Related Neuropathy and Myopathy 330 10 Psychiatry ...........................................................................................................331Depression 332 Bipolar Disorder 335 Anxiety Disorders 336 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 338 Personality Disorders 339 Eating Disorders 340 Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses 341 Delusions 343 Neuroleptic-Induced Movement Disorders 344 Somatoform Disorders 345 Dissociative Disorders 347 Suggested References for Further Reading 348 Index 359