In the global marketplace, no business is a self-contained island. No matter how effective your internal material movement, to be a future-thinking business, you must go to the next step and develop long-term supplier partnerships built on a dedication to continuous improvement and the basic concepts of Lean implementation.
Lean Supplier Development: Establishing Partnerships and True Costs Throughout the Supply Chain provides step-by-step instruction on how to build partnerships of mutual improvement and success through supplier development. Offering the same advice that they have successfully applied to corporations across the globe, award-winning consultants Chris Harris, Rick Harris, and Chuck Streeter —
- Provide criteria on how to choose suppliers that will make good long-term partnerships
- Demonstrate proven methods for employing Plan for Every Part (PFEP) to link your facility to the supply base
- Present a true cost model that eliminates guesswork when choosing suppliers to develop
- Show how to develop and maintain efficient information flow all along your supply chain
- Use real-world examples to cover likely contingencies
- Provide a sample quarterly supplier review that you can adapt for your own use
Lean is a journey, not a destination. It requires flexible leaders at the helm who can readily adjust to ever-changing conditions and it requires like-minded partners all along the supply chain. Finding and developing these partners is not about good fortune, it is all about an uncompromising approach to continuous improvement and the application of systematic methods that will build working partnerships that broaden your definition of what is possible
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Why You Need This Book
The Authors
Section I SUPPLIERS OR PARTNERS?
1 Does This Stuff Really Work?
Introduction
The Interview
2 The Supplier Development Philosophy
Introduction
Two Different Philosophies
Conclusion
3 Key Players in Supplier Development
Introduction
The Importance of Communication among Key Players
Key Players in Supplier Development
Continuous Improvement Team
Purchasing
Material Control
Product Engineering
Quality
Transportation
The Role of the Key Players (The Advisory Team)
Conclusion
4 How to Choose a Supplier for a Long-Term Partnership
Introduction
Who Chooses the Suppliers to Develop?
Attribute 1: Attitude
Attribute 2: Quality Level
Attribute 3: Capacity
Attribute 4: Vital Expertise
Attribute 5: On-Time Delivery
Attribute 6: Payment Terms (Pay on Pull)
Attribute 7: Credit Standing
Attribute 8: Volume Commodity
Attribute 9: Flexibility to Package
Attribute 10: True Cost Model Standing
Conclusion
Section II INTERANL OPERATIONS ESSENTIAL TO EXTERNAL SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT
5 The Importance of Internal Operations
Introduction
A Lean Supply Chain Is Built around Solid Core Operations
An Example from Internal Operations
Solid Internal Material Movement Leads to the Knowledge
Necessary for Supplier Development
Conclusion
6 The Plan for Every Part (PFEP)
Introduction
The Need for the Plan for Every Part
The PFEP
Correct Amount of Inventory
The Purchased Parts Supermarket Buffer
Determining the Supermarket Buffer
How Often Do You Receive Material?
What Is the Supplier’s Quality History?
What Is the Supplier’s On-Time Performance?
Is the Transportation Method Reliable?
What Is the Physical Distance to the Supplier?
Have the Areas Using This Component Been Level Scheduled?
Correctly Sizing Purchased Component Inventory
Part Number 14598
Part Number 14579
Part Number 14556
Part Number 14224
Part Number 14997
Part Number 14448
Part Number 10805
Your Actual Inventory Levels
Conclusion
Section III THE TRUE COST MODEL
7 True Cost Thought Process
Introduction
Piece Price versus True Cost
Why Are You Sourcing/Resourcing?
Cost Reduction
Quality Concerns
Delivery Concerns
New Products
Dual- or Multisourcing Requirements
Production Capacity Concerns (Over/Under)
Joint Venture Proposals/Agreements
Conclusion
8 Change Cost
Introduction
Change Costs
Travel Cost
Lost Time Cost
Inspection Cost
Internal Inspection Costs
External Inspection Costs
Testing Cost
Internal Test Cost
External Test Cost
Print Change Cost
Tooling Cost and Amortization
Inventory Cost
Conclusion
9 Ongoing Cost
Introduction
Supplier Visits
Repacking
Pay-on-Pull and Consignment
Inventory Change
Freight
Cross-Docking
Customs and Duties
Conclusion
10 Risk Cost
Introduction
Risk Costs
Sorting (Spill Cost)
Emergency Travel
Lost Time
Expediting
Conclusion
11 True Cost Sourcing
Introduction
Building the Model
Part and Supplier Data
Cost of Capital (Cost of Debt)
Change Cost Inputs
Travel and Lost Time Cost
Inspection and Testing
Print Changes
Tooling and Tooling Amortization
Inventory
Ongoing Cost Inputs
Travel and Lost Time Cost
Repacking
Freight
Risk Cost
Cost Comparison Examples
Conclusion
Section IV INTERACTION BETWEEN LEAN CUSTOMERS AND PARTNERS
12 Understanding the Physical Connection between Partner and Customer
Introduction
Pull Signals: The Informational Link
How to Size the Number of Pull Signals between Partner and Customer
Average Daily Usage (ADU).
Partner’s Time to Replenish (PTR)
Transit Time (TT).
Reorder Period (RP)
Purchased Parts Buffer (PPB)
Pull Quantity (PQ)
Examples of Loop Size Calculations
Reasons to Drive Down Pull Signal Loop Size
Conclusion
13 Receiving Product
Introduction
Receiving Windows
Receiving Boards
Other Methods of Interacting with Suppliers
Conclusion
14 Packaging
Introduction
Standard Pack Quantity
Cardboard Boxes or Plastic Returnable Containers
Five Standard Sizes
Conclusion
Section V Develop a Supplier into a Partner
15 The Partner Development Team
Introduction
Choosing Your First Supplier to Develop into a Partner
Forming a Partner Development Team
The Teaching Mentality of the Partner Development Team
Who Gets the Savings?
Choosing Future Suppliers to Develop
Conclusion
16 The Value Stream Mapping Methodology
Introduction
The Value Stream Mapping Methodology
The Product Family
The Current State Value Stream Map
The Future State Value Stream Map
30/60/90-Day Future State Maps.
A Comprehensive Work Plan
Conclusion
17 The Quarterly Review Process
Introduction
The Process
Who Should Attend the Quarterly Review?
The Supplier.
Upper Management
The Key Players
The Partner Development Team
Conclusion
18 Supplier Development Quarterly Review Agenda
Introduction
Location of Meeting.
Day 1: Continuous Knowledge Improvement and Networking.
Day 2: Review of Progress
Additional Notes on Quarterly Reviews
Conclusion
Afterword
Appendix A: The Eight Wastes and Their Relationship to
Supplier Development.
Introduction
The Importance of Material Flow
Waste 1: Overproduction.
Waste 2: Waste of Making Defective Products (Rework)
Waste 3: Waste of Time on Hand (Waiting)
Waste 4: Processing
Waste 5: Waste of Movement (Inefficient Machine and Operator Motion).
Waste 6: Waste of Transportation (Inefficient Transportation of Material)
Waste 7: Waste of Inventory
Waste 8: Knowledge
Appendix B: Sample Standard Supplier Quarterly Review Presentation
About the Author :
Dr. Chris Harris is a coauthor of the Shingo Prize-winning book Making Materials Flow, published by Jim Womack and the Lean Enterprise Institute. Chris has also coauthored two other books with Rick Harris, one on human resources’ role in Lean manufacturing, entitled Developing a Lean Workforce, published by Productivity Press; and the other on the vital information flow in a production facility, entitled Lean Connections, also published by Productivity Press. Chris has also written many articles on Lean production systems. Chris began his Lean manufacturing training as a team member on the assembly line at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky (TMMK). He continued his Lean training at Toyota Tsusho America in Georgetown, Kentucky and at Delphi Alternator Division in Anderson, Indiana. Chris has a doctorate in business administration from the Anderson University Falls School of Business in Indiana. He is vice president of operations for Harris Lean Systems (www.harrisleansystems.com).
Rick Harris is the president of Harris Lean Systems and has been helping companies to become Lean for the past 15 years. HLS, Inc. has been instrumental in assisting companies worldwide with major cost reductions. Rick helps with the actual implementation on the shop floor and the education of the workforce. He has pioneered the reverse flow process to achieve increases in efficiency. Rick has extensive experience in developing new manufacturing layouts that facilitate one-piece flow, operator flexibility, operator engagement, first time through quality, optimum uptime, and reduced capital investment. Rick has also coauthored the two Shingo Prize-winning books Creating Continuous Flow and Making Materials Flow, published by James Womack and the Lean Enterprise Institute. Rick has also coauthored two other books with his son, Dr. Chris Harris: Developing a Lean Workforce and Lean Connections. Rick received his Lean training while serving as a manager in assembly at the Toyota plant in Georgetown, Kentucky and continued his Lean learning at the Toyota Tsutsumi Assembly Plant in Japan. He was a member of the start-up team at TMMK, where he gained extensive knowledge of the Toyota Production System. Prior to his Toyota experience, he spent 15 years with General Motors.
Chuck Streeter is the owner of Streeter Lean Principles, LLC located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Chuck has worked with Rick Harris for over ten years, helping companies navigate through their Lean business system transformation journeys. Chuck gained much of his Lean knowledge working for companies in the automotive and electrical industries, with a majority of that being under the guidance of Rick Harris. As a Lean practitioner he has helped guide facilities to best improved, plant of the year, and corporate excellence accolades while instilling the principles of Lean in both their manufacturing and business processes. Chuck gained his formal education with a bachelor of science in management from the U.S. Air Force Academy and a master of science in systems management from the Air Force Institute of Technology. Chuck is a level III certified acquisition program manager, as well as a retired commissioned officer in the U.S. Air Force Reserve.
Review :
Most companies struggle to move beyond the four walls of their business during a lean journey. Many lean leaders have never ventured to the great world of the unknown related to the supplier, but for lean to reach continued breakthrough levels of performance, lean supplier development is required to extend throughout the entire supply chain. Conversations around supply chain lean activity abounds in the consulting world, but few people can bring real life success stories, experience and processes to the picture as Rick Harris, Dr Chris Harris and Chuck Streeter. Their personal, hands on experience is evident once again in this book, their latest venture in true kaizen. They have the unique ability to shoot straight at the target and never talk over the head of the audience. The reader is able to understand the thinking process and then begin implementation starting with the opening lines of the book. This book is not just thoughts, but a detailed process of why, how and when to begin and implement lean supplier development. If your company accelerated improvement with Rick’s red book and shot life into it with the green book, this book will take performance of the total supply chain to an all new level. Let Rick, Chris and Chuck help you enjoy, not fear, the journey!
—Mark Gooch, VP Lean Enterprise, Pentair, Inc.
Rick and Chris Harris' practical knowledge from so much work in the field helping businesses with lean transformations shines through in this piece of work. The book can be viewed as a checklist adaptable to any business striving to develop an effective supply chain. Be careful not to miss the real gems they offer in the simple and sometimes subtle warnings of traditional behaviors that could impede future success.
— Kathryn A. Miller, Vice President, Lean Enterprise & Quality, Parker Hannifin
For most manufacturing based businesses direct material costs account for 40-60% of COGs. It is therefore absolutely IMPERATIVE that your supply base become LEAN practitioners if your company is to fully capture the strategic and operational benefits of becoming a truly LEAN Enterprise. Rick and Chris Harris provide a roadmap to accomplishing that goal. Read it, understand it, adopt the principles yourself, convert your supply base and watch your top line revenues and bottom line profits grow!
— Rick Dauch, President and CEO, Acument Global Technologies
