As the first polymer book to receive the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title distinction (2007), Introduction to Polymer Chemistry provided undergraduate students with a much-needed, well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of natural, synthetic, inorganic, and organic polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this second edition continues that tradition, offering detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics.
Using simple fundamentals, the author shows how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. He covers synthesis and polymerization reactions, reactivities, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition also addresses environmental concerns and green polymeric materials, including biodegradable polymers and microorganisms for synthesizing materials. Brief case studies are woven within the text as historical accounts to illustrate various developments and the societal and scientific contexts in which these changes occurred.
Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Second Edition remains the premier text for understanding the behavior of polymers while offering new material on environmental science. Building on undergraduate work in foundational courses, the text fulfills the American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training (ACS CPT) in-depth course requirement. It also provides a test bank with upon qualifying course adoption.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Polymers
History of Polymers
Why Polymers?
Today’s Marketplace
Environmental Assessment
Managing Sustainability
Polymer Structure (Morphology)
Stereochemistry of Polymers
Molecular Interactions
Polymer Crystals
Amorphous Bulk State
Polymer Structure–Property Relationships
Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations
Cross-Linking
Molecular Weight of Polymers
Introduction
Solubility
Average Molecular Weight Values
Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems
Chromatography
Colligative Molecular Weights
Light-Scattering Photometry
Other Techniques
Viscometry
Naturally Occurring Polymers
Polysaccharides
Cellulose
Cellulose-Regenerating Processes
Esters and Ethers of Cellulose
Starch
Other Polysaccharides
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes
Lignin
Melanins
Polymer Structure
Genetic Engineering
DNA Profiling
Asphalt
Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions)
Comparison between the Polymer Type and the Kinetics of Polymerization
Introduction
Stepwise Kinetics
Polycondensation Mechanisms
Polyesters and Polycarbonates
Synthetic Polyamides
Polyimides
Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers
Polyurethanes and Polyureas
Polysulfides
Polyethers
Polysulfones
Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones
Phenolic and Amino Plastics
Synthetic Routes
Liquid Crystals
Microfibers
Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization)
Chain Growth Polymerization—General
Cationic Polymerization
Anionic Polymerization
Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry
Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts
Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis
Polyethylenes
Polypropylene
Polymers from 1,4-Dienes
Polyisobutylene
Metathesis Reactions
Zwitterionic Polymerization
Isomerization Polymerization
Precipitation Polymerization
Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization)
Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization
Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization
Chain Transfer
Polymerization Techniques
Fluorine-Containing Polymers
Polystyrene
Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization
Plasma Polymerization
Copolymerization
Kinetics of Copolymerization
The Q–e Scheme
Commercial Copolymers
Block Copolymers
Graft Copolymers
Elastomers
Blends
Polymer Mixtures—IPNS and Alloys
Dendrites
Ionomers
Fluoroelastomers
Nitrile Rubber
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers
EPDM Rubber
Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers
Introduction
Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms
Condensation Organometallic Polymers
Coordination Polymers
Addition Polymers
Inorganic Polymers
Introduction
Portland Cement
Other Cements
Silicates
Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous)
Sol–Gel
Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms)—Quartz Forms
Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips
Asbestos
Polymeric Carbon—Diamond
Polymeric Carbon—Graphite
Internal Cyclization—Carbon Fibers and Related Materials
Carbon Nanotubes
Bitumens
Carbon Black
Polysulfur
Ceramics
High-Temperature Superconductors
Zeolites
Reactions of Polymers
Reactions with Polyolefines and Polyenes
Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups
Degradation
Cross-Linking
Reactivities of End Groups
Supramolecules and Self-Assembly
Transfer and Retention of Oxygen
Nature’s Macromolecular Catalysts
Photosynthesis
Mechanisms of Energy Absorption
Breakage of Polymeric Materials
Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers
Spectronic Characterization of Polymers
Surface Characterization
Amorphous Region Determinations
Thermal Analysis
Thermal Property Tests
Flammability
Electrical Properties: Theory
Electric Measurements
Weatherability
Optical Properties—Tests
Chemical Resistance
Rheology and Physical Tests
Rheology
Typical Stress–Strain Behavior
Stress–Strain Relationships
Specific Physical Tests
Additives
Fillers
Reinforcements
Nanocomposites
Plasticizers
Antioxidants
Heat Stabilizers
Ultraviolet Stabilizers
Flame Retardants
Colorants
Curing Agents
Antistatic Agents—Antistats
Chemical Blowing Agents
Compatibilizers
Impact Modifiers
Processing Aids
Lubricants
Microorganism Inhibitors
Synthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for Polymers
Monomer Synthesis from Basic Feedstocks
Reactants for Step-Reaction Polymerization
Synthesis of Vinyl Monomers
Polymer Technology
Polymer Processing
Secondary Structures—Mesophases
Fibers
Elastomers
Films and Sheets
Polymeric Foams
Reinforced Plastics (Composites) and Laminates
Molding
Casting
Extrusion
Coatings
Adhesives
Conductive Polymeric Materials
Drug Design and Activity
Synthetic Biomedical Polymers
Dental Materials
Emerging Polymers
Green Materials
Appendix A: Structures of Common Polymers
Appendix B: Syllabus
Appendix C: American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements
Appendix D: Comments on Health
Appendix E: ISO 9000 and 14000
Appendix F: Symbols
Appendix G: Web Information
Index
A Summary, a Glossary, Exercises, and Further Readings appear at the end of each chapter.
About the Author :
Charles E. Carraher, Jr. is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton. He is also an associate director of the Florida Center for Environmental Studies in Palm Beach Gardens.
