How Sanctions Work: Lessons from South Africa(International Political Economy Series)

For decades policymakers, politicians, activists, journalists and scholars debated sanctions against apartheid, making nearly every possible theoretical and practical argument about their likely impact. The anti-apartheid movement thought sanctions would help topple the regime. Others, following conventional wisdom, argued that sanctions were at best ineffective because embargoes are never comprehensive. Altern-atively, leaders argued that 'constructive engagement' would encourage reform. Using new information and innovative theoretical perspectives, eleven respected scholars from South Africa, Canada and the USA weigh the evidence. The editors review and assess the theoretical arguments about sanctions. The book covers diplomatic, sport and cultural isolation, oil, nuclear and military embargoes, financial sanctions, disinvestment, consequences of trade boycotts for black South Africans, and the impact of sanctions on the region. This collection shows how social, economic and strategic isolation, both directly and indirectly, hurt the apartheid regime and draws lessons for the use of similar measures against other regimes.

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgements Contributors Abbreviations List of Maps List of Tables Maps 1-5 PART I: INTRODUCTION Trump Card or Theatre: An Introduction to Two Sanctions Debates; N.C.Crawford How Sanctions Work: A Framework for Analysis; N.C.Crawford and A.Klotz PART II: STRATEGIC SANCTIONS How Arms Embargoes Work; N.C.Crawford Sanctions and the Nuclear Industry; D.Fig The Costs of Oil Sanctions; N.C.Crawford PART III: ECONOMIC SANCTIONS The US Divestment Movement; M.Voorhes Disinvestment by Multinational Corporations; M.P.Mangaliso The Political Economy of Financial Sanction; X.Carim, A.Klotz and O.Lbleu 'Sanctions Hurt but Apartheid Kills!': the Sanctions Campaign and Black Workers; T.Maloka PART IV: SOCIAL SANCTIONS Diplomatic Isolation; A.Klotz 'Not Cricket': the Effects and Effectiveness of the Sports Boycott; D.R.Black Cultural Boycotts and Political Change; N.A.Mangaliso PART V: IMPLICATIONS Regional Dimensions of Sanctions; G.M.Khadiagala Making Sanctions Work: Comparative Lessons; A.Klotz Chronology Index

About the Author :
NETA C. CRAWFORD is Assistant Professor of Political science at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. She is the author of Soviet Military Aircraft. Her articles in books and scholarly journals are about US foreign and military policy, security regimes, media coverage of Africa, decolonization as an international norm, international ethics, security studies, South Africa's foreign and military policy and the humanitarian consequences of sanctions against South Africa. Dr Crawford is currently completing, The Making of World Politics: Argument , Belief and Culture. AUDIE KLOTZ is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. She is the author of Norms in International Relations: The struggle against Apartheid, as well as articles on African foreign affairs, sanctions, and international relations theory.

Review :
'The study enables the reader to understand how sanctions can indeed contribute to democratic transition, though often in subtle and complex ways.' - Stephen Zunes, Modern African Studies