Electron Crystallography: Novel Approaches for Structure Determination of Nanosized Materials(211 NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry)

About the Book

During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. Moreover, these developments have been accompanied by a now available new generation of computer controlled electron microscopes equipped with high-coherent field-emission sources, cryo-specimen holders, ultra-fast CCD cameras, imaging plates, energy filters and even correctors for electron optical distortions. Thus, a fast and semi-automatic data acquisition from small sample areas, similar to what we today know from imaging plates diffraction systems in X-ray crystallography, can be envisioned for the very near future. This progress clearly shows that the contribution of electron crystallography is quite unique, as it enables to reveal the intimate structure of samples with high accuracy but on much smaller samples than have ever been investigated by X-ray diffraction. As a tribute to these tremendous recent achievements, this NATO Advanced Study Institute was devoted to the novel approaches of electron crystallography for structure determination of nanosized materials.

Table of Contents:
What is Electron Crystallography?.- Exploiting Sub-Ångstrom Abilities:.- The Way Forward for Electron Crystallography.- Symmetry and Structure.- Experimental techniques.- to Electron Diffraction.- Symmetry Determinations by Electron Diffraction.- Electron Diffraction Structure Analysis.- Quantitative Electron Diffraction Structure Analysis (EDSA).- Quantification of Texture Patterns.- Quantitative Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction.- New Instrumentation for TEM Electron Diffraction Structure Analysis: Electron Diffractometry Combined with Beam Precession.- Role of Electron Powder Diffraction in Solving Structures.- Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction for Molecular Structure Determination.- Phase Identification by Combining Local Composition from EDX with Information from Diffraction Database.- Analysis of Local Structure, Chemistry and Bonding by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.- Crystal structure determination from electron microscopy data.- From Fourier Series Towards Crystal Structures.- Crystal Structure Determination by Image Deconvolution and Resolution Enhancement.- Structure Determination from HREM by Crystallographic Image Processing.- 3D Reconstruction of Inorganic Crystals.- Solving and Refining Crystal Structures from Electron Diffraction Data.- The Maximum Entropy Method of Solving Crystal Structures from Electron Diffraction Data.- Structure Refinement by Taking Dynamical Diffraction into Account.- TrueImage.- Applications.- New Insights into the Nanoworld of Functional Materials.- Electron Crystallography on Polymorphs.- Electron Crystallography in Mineralogy and Materials Science.- Structures of Zeolites and Mesoporous Crystals Determined by Electron Diffraction and High-resolution Electron Microscopy.- Hrtem Investigation of Nanocrystalline Materials.-Electron Crystallography on Beam Sensitive Materials.- Characterisation of Catalysts by Transmission Electron Microscopy.- Extended abstracts.- Structural Investigations of Cold Worked Iron Based Alloys after Nitriding.- Structural Refinement of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Samples.- Relation between Magnetic Properties and the Structure of Iron-based Amorphous Alloys Determined by Electron Diffraction.- Selected Issues in Quantitative Structure Analysis of Nanocrystalline Alloys.- Charge Ordering and Tilt Modulation in Multiferroic Fluorides with TTB Structure by Electron Diffraction and Single Crystal XRD.- Electron Diffraction by Distorted Nanocrystals.- Electron Microscopy Investigations of Glassy-Like Carbon.- Image Deconvolution on Crystals with Interfaces.- Crystal Structure Determination by Maximum Entropy Image Deconvolution in Combination with Image Simulation.