Scattered and Filtered Solar UV Measurements: (17 Advances in Global Change Research)

Scattered and Filtered Solar UV Measurements provides comprehensive information about the scattered and filtered solar UV environment, the techniques to measure this radiation and the resulting UV exposures to humans. The incidence of skin cancer and sun-related eye disorders can be reduced by the minimization of exposures to UV radiation. For this to occur, a greater understanding of the solar UV exposure to humans for varying conditions and in different environments is necessary. Accordingly, this book aims to quantify, understand and provide information on the filtered and scattered solar UV. This book is aimed at students and new researchers in the field of solar UV and environmental measurements; however there is sufficient detail to provide a valuable reference for the experienced researcher. Researchers and students in atmospheric sciences, health sciences, environmental monitoring, photobiology and skin cancer prevention will find this monograph useful. 'The development of the SystemVerilog language makes it easier to produce more efficient and concise descriptions of complex hardware designs. The authors of this book have been involved with the development of the language from the beginning, and who is better to learn from than those involved from day one?' Greg Spirakis, Vice President of Design Technology, Intel Corporation 'As a company committed to 'open standards', and as one of the early adopters of Verilog, Sun has been a driving force in the standardization effort for SystemVerilog from its inception. SystemVerilog can significantly improve the productivity of designers in the coming years, and this book is a comprehensive reference text for engineers who want to learn about SystemVerilog for their next generation designs.' Sunil Joshi, Vice President of Software Technologies and Computer Resources, Sun Microsystems, Inc. 'SystemVerilog directly addresses the need for efficient and powerful modeling essential to support the complexity, size, and scale of next generation hardware designs. This book explains how to use SystemVerilog effectively and provides numerous examples to illustrate how each of the language constructs can best be utilized.' Chris Malachowsky, Co-Founder and Vice President of Hardware, NVIDIA Corporation

Table of Contents:
1 Introduction.- 1. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation.- 2. Atmospheric Ozone and Aerosols.- 3. Solar Zenith Angle.- 4. Earth’s Orbit.- 5. Surface Albedo.- 6. Altitude.- 7. Summary.- 2 Diffuse Ambient Solar UV.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Diffuse UV Spectral Irradiances.- 3. Summary.- 3 Personal Solar UV Exposures in Diffuse UV Settings.- 1. Introduction.- 2. UV in Tree Shade.- 3. Personal UV Exposure Distribution.- 4. Summary.- 4 Influence of Clouds on Solar UV.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cloud Detection.- 3. UV and Cloud Studies.- 4. Summary.- 5 UV Enhancement by Cloud.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Literature Review.- 3. UVB Enhancement.- 4. Spectral Dependency Revisited.- 5. Summary.- 6 Glass Filtered Solar UV.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Glass Transmitted UV Spectrum.- 3. Filtered UV in a Greenhouse: Case Study.- 4. Summary.- 7 Solar UV in Automobiles: Ambient and Personal Exposures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. UV Radiation in Automobiles.- 3. Measurement of UV in Automobiles.- 4. Annual UVA Exposure in an Automobile.- 5. Summary.- References.