Thorough review of the dyeing of cellulose fibres with information on pre- and post-processing and various types of dyes
Dyeing of Cellulose Fibres provides comprehensive coverage of the dyeing process of cellulose fibres, covering mechanisms, challenges, and pre- and post-processing. The book reviews recently developed dyes and dyeing methods, as well as dyes which were retired and brought back into use, such as sulphur dyes, which have found a place in obtaining a vintage effect, with additional information on regenerated cellulose fibres and how to correct faulty dyeing.
Written by a leading authority in the field, Dyeing of Cellulose Fibres includes information on:
- Structure, fastness, end-uses and application methods of direct, vat, sulphur and reactive dyes
- Also brief information on indosol, diazotization, naphtol, oxidation, vat-leucoester, basic, pigment and natural dyes
- Technological, environmental, and ethical developments in textile dyeing
- Levelling, colour lightening, and dye discharging processes
- In line with the learning needs of the modern era and the new generation, this book concludes with experimental plans and research questions that enable the practical application of the covered topics in a laboratory setting.
Dyeing of Cellulose Fibres is an excellent and completely comprehensive reference for textile engineers and chemists as well as chemical engineers. Concepts related to physics, biology, chemistry, and mathematics are discussed at a level that can be easily understood by readers who have taken undergraduate courses related to the subject
Table of Contents:
Biography xi
Preface xiii
1 General Information About Cellulose Fibres 1
1.1 Classification of Cellulose Fibres and Their Production in the World 1
1.2 Chemical Structure of Cellulose Fibres 3
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Cellulose Fibres 6
2 Processes of Cellulose Fibres Before Dyeing 11
2.1 Conventional Pretreatment Processes Applied to Cellulose Fibres 11
2.2 Pretreatments Applicable to Improve and Change the Dyeing Properties of Cellulose Fibres 12
3 Dyeing Mechanism of Cellulose Fibres 19
3.1 Uptake of Dyes (Adsorption and Diffusion) 20
3.2 Fixation of Dyes 23
4 Factors Affecting Uniform Dyeing in Cellulose Fibres 29
4.1 Factors Affecting Uniform Dyeing in Exhaust Method 30
4.2 Factors Affecting Uniform Dyeing in Impregnation Method 44
5 Dyeing with Direct (Substantive) Dyes 49
5.1 Structure and Classification of Direct Dyes 49
5.2 Fastness Properties of Direct Dyes 51
5.3 End-uses of Direct Dyes 51
5.4 Dyeing with Direct Dyes 52
5.5 Post-dyeing Aftertreatments with Direct Dyes 59
6 Dyeing with Vat (Indanthren) Dyes 63
6.1 Structure and Classification of Vat Dyes 64
6.2 Fastness Properties of Vat Dyes 66
6.3 End-uses of Vat Dyes 67
6.4 Forms of Vat Dyes 68
6.5 Dyeing with Vat Dyes 69
6.6 Problems Encountered in Dyeing with Vat Dyes and Precautions to Be Taken 102
7 Dyeing with Indigo Dye 105
7.1 Fastness Properties of Indigo Dye 106
7.2 End-uses of Indigo Dye 108
7.3 Forms of Indigo Dye 108
7.4 Dyeing with Indigo Dye 108
7.5 Indigo Dyeing Methods and Machines 113
8 Dyeing with Sulphur Dyes 117
8.1 Classification of Sulphur Dyes 118
8.2 Fastness Properties of Sulphur Dyes 121
8.3 End-uses of Sulphur Dyes 121
8.4 Forms of Sulphur Dyes 122
8.5 Dyeing with Sulphur Dyes 122
8.6 Problems Encountered in Dyeing with Sulphur Dyes and Measures to be Taken 132
9 Dyeing with Reactive Dyes 137
9.1 Structure and Classification of Reactive Dyes 139
9.2 Fastness Properties of Reactive Dyes 153
9.3 Forms of Reactive Dyes 154
9.4 Dyeing with Reactive Dyes 155
9.5 Washing Processes After Dyeing with Reactive Dyes 209
9.6 Aftertreatments After Dyeing with Reactive Dyes 221
10 Dyeing with Other Dyes 231
10.1 Indosol Dyes 231
10.2 Diazotisation Dyes 233
10.3 Developing (Naphthol) Dyes 236
10.4 Oxidation Dyes 243
10.5 Vat-leucoester (Indigosol) Dyes 244
10.6 Basic (Cationic) Dyes 248
10.7 Phthalocyanine Dyes 250
10.8 Mordant Dyes 251
10.9 Pigments 252
10.10 Minerals 257
10.11 Natural Dyes 258
References 258
11 Dyeing of Other Cellulosic Fibres 261
11.1 Dyeing of Natural Cellulosic Fibres Other Than Cotton 261
11.2 Dyeing of Regenerated Cellulose Fibres 264
12 Correction of Faulty Dyeings 271
12.1 Levelling and Colour Lightening Processes 272
12.2 Dye Stripping Processes 273
13 Laboratory Applications Related to Dyeing of Cellulose Fibres 279
13.1 Dyeing with Direct Dyes 279
13.2 Dyeing with Vat Dyes 285
13.3 Dyeing with Indigo Dye 289
13.4 Dyeing with Sulphur Dyes 289
13.5 Dyeing with Reactive Dyes 292
13.6 Dyeing with Other Dyes 306
Index 313
About the Author :
Rýza Atav is a Professor in the Department of Textile Engineering at Tekirdað Namik Kemal University. He is also a R&D consultant at various companies within the scope of university-industry cooperation.
