New solutions for development trends in power systems in response to rising concerns with security issues
Cyber-Secure Load Frequency Control for Power Systems delivers an analysis of power systems and their problems with cybersecurity in complex, crowded environments. The book investigates control approaches balancing load demand and generation, encompassing cyber-attack contamination, renewable energy fluctuation, and electric vehicle connection and integration of battery energy systems.
Two perspectives are highlighted as solutions to the growing issues in power systems. The first proposes new defense methods in consideration of attack modeling and the second describes actual behavior of the attacks with new attack models.
Cyber-Secure Load Frequency Control for Power Systems explores sample topics including:
- Security performance of MOSMLFC power systems under historical frequency-triggered DOS attacks
- Fuzzy output sliding mode load frequency control of a power system under motion-trends-based deception attacks
- Reliable AMD event-triggered control of wind power systems under frequency-based deception attacks
- Observer-based sliding mode load frequency control of power systems under deception attacks
- Memory-based event-triggered fault-tolerant load frequency control of multi-area power systems with electric vehicles
Cyber-Secure Load Frequency Control for Power Systems is an excellent advanced resource for graduate-level students and professionals in electrical engineering and control engineering. The book is also valuable for algorithm researchers and engineers in related fields. Prerequisite knowledge includes calculus, linear algebra, and control theory.
Table of Contents:
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction
1 Observer-based Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control of Power
Systems under Deception Attack
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Formulation
1.2.1 Model description
1.2.2 Event-triggered control
1.2.3 Sliding mode design
1.3 Main Results
1.3.1 Stability Analysis
1.3.2 Control law design
1.4 Numerical Examples
1.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
2 Event-triggered Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control of Multiarea
Power Systems under Periodic Denial-of-service Attacks
2.1 Background
2.2 Problem Formulation
2.2.1 Model Description
2.2.2 Sliding Mode Surface Design
2.2.3 Event-triggered Strategy Under Periodic DoS Attacks
2.3 Main Results
2.3.1 Exponential Stability analysis
2.3.2 Strategy of Controller gain
2.3.3 Control law design
2.4 Numerical Examples
2.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
3 H∞ Load Frequency Control of Power System Integrated with
EVs under DoS Attacks: Non-Fragile Output Sliding Mode
Control Approach
3.1 Background
3.2 Problem Formulation
3.2.1 Model Description
3.2.2 Real-Time Frequency-Triggered Mechanism
3.2.3 Real-Time Frequency-Triggered DoS Attacks
3.3 Non-Fragile Output SMC Scheme
3.4 Main Results
3.4.1 Non-fragile H∞ stability analysis
3.4.2 Reachability analysis
3.5 Numerical Examples
3.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
4 Memory-based Event-Triggered Fault-Tolerant Load Frequency
Control of Multi-Area Power Systems with Electric Vehicles
4.1 Background
4.2 Problem Formulation
4.2.1 Simplified Electric Vehicle Model
4.2.2 Power System Model with Sensor Fault
4.2.3 Sliding Mode Observer Design
4.2.4 Memory-Based Adaptive Hybrid Event-Triggered
4.2.5 Active Fault-tolerant Controller Design
4.3 Main Results
4.3.1 Stability Analysis
4.3.2 Reachability of the Sliding Mode Surface
4.4 Numerical Examples
4.4.1 Unstable Case With Sensor Fault
4.4.2 Stable Case With Sensor Fault
4.4.3 Transmissions Under Memory-based Adaptive HETM
4.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
5 Active Fault-Tolerant LFC for Power Systems with EVs under
Deception Attacks
5.1 Background
5.2 Problem Formulation
5.2.1 Electric Vehicle Model
5.2.2 System Model with Delay and Sensor Fault
5.2.3 Deception attacks model
5.3 Main Results
5.3.1 Sliding Mode Observer Design
5.3.2 Active Fault-tolerant Controller Design
5.3.3 Stability Analysis
5.3.4 Reachability of the Sliding Mode Surface
5.4 Numerical Examples
5.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
6 Reliable AMD Event-triggered Control of Wind Power Systems
under Frequency-based Deception Attacks
6.1 Background
6.2 Problem Formulation
6.2.1 Wind Power System Model
6.2.2 Model of Renewable Energy
6.2.3 Selection of Quantizer
6.2.4 AMD Event-Triggered Scheme
6.2.5 Frequency-based Deception Attacks
6.3 Main Results
6.3.1 Reliable region
6.3.2 Reliability Analysis
6.4 Numerical Examples
6.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
7 Event-Triggered Memory Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control
of Power System with BESSs Against Frequency-based
Deception Attacks
7.1 Background
7.2 Problem Formulation
7.2.1 Battery Energy Storage System
7.2.2 Power System Model
7.2.3 Preliminaries
7.3 Main Results
7.3.1 Frequency-based Deception Attacks
7.3.2 Event-Triggered SMC Scheme
7.3.3 Stability analysis
7.3.4 Reachability condition
7.4 Numerical Examples
7.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
8 Security Performance of MOSMLFC Power System under Historical-
Frequency-Triggered DoS Attacks
8.1 Background
8.2 Problem Formulation
8.2.1 Power System Model
8.2.2 DoS Attacks model
8.3 Main Results
8.3.1 Memory Output SMC Scheme
8.3.2 Security Performance Analysis
8.3.3 Reachability Analysis
8.4 Numerical Examples
8.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
9 Security Concern and Fuzzy Output Sliding Mode Load Frequency
Control of Power Systems
9.1 Background
9.2 Problem Formulation
9.2.1 Multi-area Power System Model
9.2.2 Motion-Trends-based Deception Attacks model
9.2.3 Fuzzy Output Sliding Mode Control Approach
9.3 Main Results
9.3.1 Stability Analysis
9.3.2 Fuzzy gains
9.3.3 Reachability Analysis
9.4 Numerical Examples
9.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
10 Future Work
About the Author :
Xinghua Liu, PhD, is a Professor with the Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China. He has published several prestigious journal and conference papers in the IEEE.
Siwei Qiao received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Xi’an University of Technology in 2025, Xi’an, China.
Gaoxi Xiao, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the School of EEE, NTU. Dr. Xiao is a member of the IEEE and the ICST.
Peng Wang, PhD, is a Professor at the School of EEE, NTU. Dr. Wang is a felllow of the IEEE.
