Architecting Resilient Systems

A comprehensive text that investigates a systematic approach to handling the design of resilient systems Resilient systems are an essential bulwark to enable the capability of a system against unprecedented adversities. Systems may include transportation, such as aircraft and rail, power systems, and urban infrastructure. Resilience may enable the preservation of physical assets and human lives. It can also require architectural restructuring of the system itself or simple measures, such an increase in design margin. Architecting Resilient Systems creates a comprehensive list of design principles for creating systems where resilience is essential. With a detailed approach to both these general principles and their practical applications, it permits the creation and management of resilient systems in virtually any key area or industry. Richly supported with case evidence and fully updated to reflect the latest research and best practice, it’s a critical tool in the fight against potential societal collapse. Readers of the second edition of Architecting Resilient Systems will also find: Numerous case studies including Apollo 11 and US Airways Flight 1549 Detailed discussion of design principles including drift protection, repairability, loose coupling, and more Supporting chapters on resilience architecting and infrastructure Architecting Resilient Systems is ideal for professionals working in industry responsible for systems design and architecting as well as for undergraduate and graduate students studying systems engineering courses.

Table of Contents:
Preface or How This Book Came Into Being xiii Acknowledgment xv 1 Introduction -- On Resilience 1 1.1 The Multidisciplinary Challenge 2 1.2 The Concept of the System 3 1.3 The Paradox of Humans in the System 3 1.4 The Infrastructure as a System 4 1.5 The Architecture of a System 5 1.6 Disruptions 6 1.7 Adaptability 7 1.8 Culture 7 1.9 Measuring Resilience 8 1.10 The Challenges 9 1.11 Identification of Resilience Techniques 9 1.12 Evaluation of Resilience Techniques Through Case Studies 10 1.13 Evaluation of the Techniques 10 1.14 What Is a Technique? 12 1.15 How Statements of Resilience Techniques are Synthesized 13 2 Resilience Literature 15 3 Terms and Definitions 17 3.1 Objective 17 3.2 What Is an Adversity? 17 3.3 Traditional Definitions of Resilience 18 3.4 A Brief Lesson in Abstractions 18 3.5 General features 19 3.6 Glossary of Symbols and Mathematical Characters 19 4 Resilience Abstractions 29 4.1 Objective 29 4.2 What Is System Resilience? 29 4.3 Traditional Definitions of Resilience 30 4.4 Encounter 30 4.5 Abstraction Properties 30 4.6 Concrete Entities 31 5 Methodology 35 5.1 Overview of Methodology 35 5.2 Qualitative Research 35 5.3 Qualitative Interpretation of Solutions Proposed by Domain Experts 35 5.4 Qualitative Judgments of Dependencies Among Resilience Techniques 36 5.5 Qualitative Judgments of Grouping of Resilience Techniques 36 5.6 Interpretation of Historical Events 36 5.7 Objectives of System Resilience 37 6 Techniques 39 6.1 The Robustness Attribute 39 6.2 The Absorption Design Technique 39 6.3 The Physical Redundancy Design Technique 50 6.4 The Functional Redundancy Resilience Technique 57 6.5 The Drift Correction Resilience Technique 64 6.6 The Restructuring Resilience Technique 75 6.7 The Repairability Resilience Technique 83 6.8 The Human Involvement Resilience Technique 89 6.9 The Reduce Hidden Interactions Resilience Technique 98 6.10 The Distributed Capacity Technique 103 6.11 The Neutral State Technique 104 6.12 The Loose Coupling Technique 104 6.13 The Layered Defense Resilience Technique 104 6.14 The Internode Interaction Technique 113 6.15 The Complexity Technique 124 7 Case Studies 133 8 State Model 145 9 Organizational Factors 147 9.1 Loose Coupling in Organizational Systems 147 9.2 Observability Plus Decisions 147 9.3 Organizational Decision-Making 148 9.4 Informed Operator 149 10 Culture 151 10.1 The Culture Management Rule 151 10.2 The Cultural Change Rule 152 11 Executing Resilience 153 12 Governance 155 12.1 Inspecting in Quality 156 12.2 Independent Reviews 156 12.3 Governance and Culture 158 12.4 A Three-Tiered View of Technical Reviews 158 12.5 System-Level Review 159 12.6 Foreign Object Debris (FOD) 161 12.7 Responsibilities for Governance 162 12.8 Resilience Node 162 12.9 Program System Resilience Team 163 12.10 Program Management 163 13 Infrastructure 165 13.1 The Architecture of an Infrastructure System 165 13.2 Operational View 166 13.3 Organizational View 166 13.4 The Organization and Latent Conditions 167 13.5 The Integrated Product Team (IPT) Concept 168 13.6 Infrastructure Architecting 169 13.7 The Infrastructure as a System of Systems 169 13.8 Network-Based Infrastructures 171 14 Cost 173 14.1 Miracle on the Hudson 173 14.2 Space Shuttle Flights 173 14.3 New York Power Restoration 174 14.4 Summary 174 15 A Summary of Themes 175 References 180 16 A Final Word 181 16.1 The Challenges 183 Appendix A: Resilience of a Fire Protection System 185 Appendix B: Resilience of Metrolink 111 195 Appendix C: Resilience Architecting -- A Review 211 Index 243