About the Book
Water Splitting is essential for anyone looking to stay at the cutting edge of hydrogen production and renewable energy, as it provides a thorough exploration of the latest advancements and interdisciplinary approaches to addressing global energy challenges.
Water splitting for the production of hydrogen is a rapidly evolving field at the forefront of interdisciplinary research and industrial development. It encompasses the integration of multiple scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, materials science, engineering, and environmental science, to address the global energy challenge and transition towards a sustainable future. The integration of water splitting with other renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, presents opportunities for the development of integrated systems and the establishment of a hydrogen economy. The ability to store and utilize hydrogen as a versatile energy carrier has the potential to revolutionize transportation, power generation, and industrial applications, enabling a transition away from fossil fuels and reducing carbon emissions.
Water Splitting provides a comprehensive exploration of water splitting, starting with the foundational principles of thermodynamics and kinetics, crucial for understanding hydrogen production. It covers diverse methods and catalysts, emphasizing material selection and reaction optimization, and explores recent innovations in materials and catalysts tailored for water splitting, highlighting synthesis techniques, functional materials, and nanotechnology integration. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to water photoelectrochemistry, analyzing semiconductor materials, photoelectrode design, and solar-to-hydrogen conversion strategies. The book delves into integrated systems, advanced reactors, and the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data in enhancing water splitting technologies. Water Splitting addresses gaps in current resources, focusing on cutting-edge advancements and ensuring researchers stay informed and prepared to contribute to the field’s progress.
Table of Contents:
Preface xi
1 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Water Splitting 1
Manash P. Nath, Manju Kumari Jaiswal, Suvankar Deka and Biswajit Choudhury
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Thermodynamic Parameters 3
1.3 Thermodynamics of Water Splitting 4
1.4 Factor Dependence on the Thermodynamics of Water Splitting 6
1.5 Applications in Electrolysis 8
1.6 Conclusion 18
2 Kinetics of Electrochemical Water Splitting 23
Suvankar Deka, Manju Kumari Jaiswal, Manash P. Nath and Biswajit Choudhury
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Fundamentals of Water Splitting 25
2.3 Kinetic Parameters 27
2.4 Unraveling Kinetics in the Realm of HER and OER 34
2.5 Conclusion 43
3 Perovskite Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting 49
Nawishta Jabeen, Imtiaz Ahmad Khan, Adeela Naz and Ahmad Hussain
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting 53
3.3 Surface Effect Mechanisms in Perovskites 54
3.4 ORR, OER, and HERS in Perovskite Catalysts 58
3.5 Perovskite-Based Electrodes for Water Splitting 63
3.6 Density-Functional Theory-Based Calculations for Perovskite Electrocatalysts 64
3.7 Challenges for Water Splitting in Bi-Functional Perovskite Catalysts 67
3.8 Future Outlook 68
3.9 Conclusion 69
4 Design and Engineering of Photoelectrodes 75
Katarzyna Grochowska, Ameer Nasih, Saiful Islam Khan and Katarzyna Siuzdak
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Modifications of Semiconductors--A Short Overview 78
4.3 Oxide-Based Semiconductors for Water Splitting 86
4.4 Non-Oxide Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 96
4.5 Organic Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 98
4.6 Conclusions 101
5 MXene Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting 111
Dujearic-Stephane Kouao and Katarzyna Siuzdak
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 Overview of the Synthesis of MXenes 113
5.3 Kinetic and Reaction Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Water Splitting 118
5.4 MXene-Based Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 122
5.5 MXene-Based Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction 128
5.6 Conclusion 130
6 Inorganic Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 139
Nogueira, A. E., Ribeiro, L. S., Torres, J. A., Sala, R. L., Pinto F. M., La Porta F. A. and Santos, F. L.
6.1 Introduction 140
6.2 Photocatalysis Mechanisms 141
6.3 Properties of Photocatalysts 144
6.4 Examples of Inorganic Photocatalysts 147
6.5 Enhancement Strategies 151
6.6 Summary and Outlook 160
7 Functional Materials for Water Splitting 171
Figen Balo and Lutfu S. Sua
7.1 Introduction 171
7.2 MCDM Analysis 185
7.3 Conclusions 192
8 Nanotechnology in Water Splitting Research 211
Balaji Parasuraman, Nazar Riswana Barveen, Hariprasath Rangaraju and Pazhanivel Thangavelu
8.1 Introduction 211
8.2 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 214
8.3 Photocatalytic Water Splitting 217
8.4 Nanomaterials in Hydrogen Evaluation 220
8.5 Summary and Future Perspectives 226
9 Hydrogen Utilization: Fuel Cells and Energy Storage 233
Srijita Basumallick
9.1 Importance of Fuel Cells 233
10 Catalyst for Anodic Oxygen Evolution Reaction 245
Soner Cakar and Mahmut Özacar
10.1 Introduction 246
10.2 Noble Metal Catalysts for OER 247
10.3 Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for OER 255
10.4 Other Catalysts for OER 266
10.5 Conclusion 266
11 Performance Characterization and Analysis of Electrolyzers 277
Mehmet Fatih Kaya, Bulut Hüner, Murat Kisti and Nesrin Demir
11.1 Introduction 278
11.2 Fundamentals of Electrolysis 280
11.3 Performance Metrics 286
11.4 Performance Analysis 288
11.5 Advanced Techniques and Modeling 292
11.6 Experimental Procedures for Characterizing Electrolyzer Performance 296
11.7 Future Trends and Challenges 299
11.8 Conclusion 300
Acknowledgments 301
References 301
Index 309
About the Author :
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of awards, including the Department of Science and Technology, India, Fast-Track Young Scientist Award and Young Researcher of the Year Award 2020 from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, many book chapters, and dozens of edited books, many with Wiley-Scrivener.
Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his doctorate degree from University of Adelaide, Australia in the year 2014 with Dean’s Commendation for Doctoral Thesis Excellence. He has worked as head of the Chemistry Department at Taif university and Vice Dean of Science College. In 2015, one of his works was nominated for Green Tech awards from Germany, Europe’s largest environmental and business prize, amongst top 10 entries. He has also co-edited a number of scientific books.
Mohammad Luqman, PhD, has more than 12 years of post-PhD experience in teaching, research, and administration. Currently, he is serving as an assistant professor of Chemical Engineering at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, he served as a post-doctoral fellow at Artificial Muscle Research Center, Konkuk University, South Korea, and he earned his PhD degree in the field of ionomers (Ion-containing Polymers), from Chosun University, South Korea. He has edited three books and published numerous scientific papers and book chapters. He is an editor for several journals, and he has been awarded several grants for academic research.
Jorddy Neves Cruz is a researcher at the Federal University of Pará and the Emilio Goeldi Museum. He has experience in multidisciplinary research in the areas of medicinal chemistry, drug design, extraction of bioactive compounds, extraction of essential oils, food chemistry and biological testing. He has published several research articles in scientific journals and is an associate editor of the Journal of Medicine.
