Science and Engineering of Polyphenols: Fundamentals and Industrial Scale Applications

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF POLYPHENOLS A groundbreaking synthesis of rich and varied polyphenol research Polyphenols are a class of compounds, found naturally in fruits and vegetables, whose flexibility and ubiquity give them a vast range of applications in pharmaceutical, environmental, and biological research and development. They play a role in diagnosing and preventing diseases from diabetes to Parkinson’s to Alzheimer’s and have been integral in food preservation. The field of polyphenols research has the potential to touch virtually every area of organic production. Science and Engineering of Polyphenols provides a current and comprehensive overview of this field of research and its latest developments. Long overdue as a ‘state of the field’ synthesis for an area of study that has seen rapid development in recent years, this book promises to be a milestone. Science and Engineering of Polyphenols readers will also find: Treatment of both natural and synthetic polyphenols Detailed discussion of topics including synthesis and characterization of polyphenols, electronic and molecular structure of polyphenols, and many more Supplementary material including websites of interest and updates on the latest research and development Science and Engineering of Polyphenols is ideal for scholars, industrialists, and policymakers in any of the myriad areas of academia and industry touched by polyphenol research.

Table of Contents:
List of Contributors xix Preface xxix Editor Biography xxxi Part I Overview of Polyphenols 1 1 Fundamentals of Polyphenols: Nomenclature, Classification and Properties 3 Sidra Subhan, Muhammad Zeeshan, Atta Ur. Rahman, and Muhmmad Yaseen 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 A Short History of Polyphenols 5 1.3 Fundamental of Polyphenols 7 1.4 Nomenclature of Polyphenols 7 1.5 Classification of Polyphenols 8 1.6 Extraction Methods of Polyphenols 10 1.7 Solubility of Polyphenols 18 1.8 Flavor and Color of Polyphenols 22 1.9 Health-Promoting Properties of Polyphenols 24 1.10 Skin Benefits of Polyphenols 30 1.11 Conclusions 30 References 31 2 Chemistry of Polyphenols: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure (Electronic and Molecular) and Reactivity 37 Omar Dagdag, Rajesh Haldhar, and Hansang Kim 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Synthesis and Characterization 38 2.3 Polyphenolics Without Intervening Atoms 39 2.4 Polyphenols with Intervening Carbon Atoms 40 2.5 Polyphenols with Intervening Heteroatoms 41 2.6 Characterization 46 2.7 Chemical Structure and Reactivity 48 2.8 Conclusion 51 References 51 3 Plant-Derived Polyphenols: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization 54 Humira Assad, Alok Kumar, and Ashish Kumar 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Extraction of Polyphenols 58 3.3 Purification of Polyphenols 66 3.4 Characterization of Polyphenols 67 3.5 Conclusion and Outlook 70 List of Abbreviations 71 References 72 4 Fermentation and Degradation of Polyphenols 77 Chandan K. Mandal, Palraj Kasinathan, Srikanta Sahu, Akshima, Mansi Yadav, Garima Sachdeva, Sanju Sharma, Manoj K. Banjare, and Kamalakanta Behera 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Plant-Based Fermented Food Products with Lactic Acid Bacteria 78 4.3 Microbial Fermentation of Food Macronutrients 80 4.4 Metabolism of Food Phenolics by Lactic Acid Bacteria 81 4.5 Polyphenols Differentially Modulate Bacterial Growth 83 4.6 Functional Food Products Based on Polyphenolic fermentation by Probiotics 84 4.7 Fermentation of Whole Grain Foods 85 4.8 Degradation of Polyphenol 88 4.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 93 Acknowledgments 94 List of Abbreviations 94 References 94 Part II Industrial Applications of Polyphenols 105 5 Polyphenols for Wastewater and Industrial Influents’ Treatment 107 Muhammad Salman, Muhammad U. Farooq, Atta Ur. Rahman, and Muhammad Yaseen 5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 History of Natural Polyphenols 109 5.3 Types of Natural Polyphenols 109 5.4 Polyphenols in Wastewater Remediation 111 5.5 Structural and Functional Features of Polyphenols 113 5.6 Overview of Polyphenol-Based Materials 116 5.7 Applications of Natural Polyphenol-Based Material in Water Remediation 120 5.8 Conclusions, Challenges, and Prospects 125 References 126 6 Polyphenols for Anticorrosion Application 134 Shveta Sharma, Richika Ganjoo, and Ashish Kumar 6.1 Introduction 134 6.2 Anticorrosive Properties of Polyphenols: Literature Survey 138 6.3 Conclusion 151 References 152 7 Polyphenols for Dyes Application 157 Abhinay Thakur and Ashish Kumar 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Natural Dyes and the Need for Sustainable Alternatives 161 7.3 Chemical Structure of Polyphenols and their Dyeing Properties 168 7.4 Extraction Methods for Polyphenols from Plant Sources 175 7.5 Dyeing Mechanisms of Polyphenols 183 7.6 Applications of Polyphenols as Natural Dyes 187 7.7 Challenges and Future Prospects 195 7.8 Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Perspectives 200 References 202 8 Polyphenols for Packaging Application 211 Gianluca Viscusi and Giuliana Gorrasi 8.1 Introduction 211 8.2 Active Packaging: Coating and Thin Films 212 8.3 Phenolic Compounds 212 8.4 Classifications and Applications of Polyphenolic Compounds 215 8.5 Action Mechanism 236 8.6 Limits and Future Predictions 237 8.7 Conclusions 238 References 238 9 Polyphenols for Textile-Based Application 253 Mohd Yusuf, Vikrant Jayant, and Wasim Khan 9.1 Introduction 253 9.2 Polyphenols in Textile-Based Applications 257 9.3 Specific Functional Finishing Using Polyphenols 264 9.4 Future Outlook 268 9.5 Conclusion 269 Acknowledgement 269 References 269 10 Polyphenols for Sensing/Biosensing Application 275 Elia Grueso and Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez 10.1 Introduction 275 10.2 Electrochemical Biosensors of Phenolic Compounds Based on Polyphenol Oxidases 278 10.3 Polyphenols for Metal Ions Sensing Applications 290 10.4 Polyphenols and Human Health 294 10.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 298 References 299 11 Polyphenol-based Hydrogels and Nanocomplexes: Fundamental, Properties, and Industrial Applications 315 Salima El Yakhlifi and Vincent Ball 11.1 Introduction 315 11.2 Polyphenols Grafted on Molecules Able to Undergo Gelation 316 11.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 326 References 327 12 Polyphenol-based Materials as Sensors: Recent Trends in Chemo- and Bio-sensing 330 Jing Wei, Youyou Feng, and Gen Wang 12.1 Introduction 330 12.2 Polyphenol 331 12.3 Polyphenol-based Nanomaterials and Their Derivatives 334 12.4 Sensing Applications 339 12.5 Summary and Outlook 352 Acknowledgments 352 References 353 Part III Polyphenols for Life Science Applications 359 13 Polyphenols in Control of COVID-19 361 Elyor Berdimurodov, Khasan Berdimuradov, Ashish Kumar, Omar Dagdag, Mohamed Rbaa, and Bhawana Jain 13.1 Introduction 361 13.2 Antiviral Properties of Polyphenols 366 13.3 Polyphenols Active Against COVID- 19 369 13.4 Potential Applications of Polyphenols in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment 372 13.5 Clinical Trials and Research on Polyphenols and COVID- 19 378 13.6 Safety and Limitations of Polyphenols in COVID-19 Management 379 13.7 Conclusion 381 References 381 14 Polyphenols for Dietary Polyphenols Application 385 Elyor Berdimurodov, Khasan Berdimuradov, Ilyos Eliboev, Azimjon Choriev, Anvar Khamidov, Mukhriddin Yusufov, and Chinmurot Yodgorov 14.1 Introduction 385 14.2 Main Part 387 14.3 Conclusion and Outlook 397 References 397 15 Polyphenols for Health Management and Disease Control Applications 402 Shveta Sharma, Manu Sharma, Richika Ganjoo, and Ashish Kumar 15.1 Introduction 402 15.2 Health Benefits of Polyphenols 403 15.3 Conclusion and Future Outlook 412 References 412 16 Polyphenols as Antimicrobial (Disinfectant and Pest control) Applications 416 Vrinda, Garima Narang, Garima Pandey, Prashant Singh, and Kamlesh Kumari 16.1 Introduction 416 16.2 Pest Management 417 16.3 Disinfectants 424 16.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook 429 References 431 17 Polyphenols for Antioxidant Application: Biochemistry of Polyphenols 436 Akbar Esmaeili 43 17.1 Introduction 436 17.2 Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols 442 17.3 Influence of Polyphenols on Antibacterial Biofilm 443 17.4 Significance of Polyphenols 445 17.5 Biochemistry of Polyphenols 446 17.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 448 References 448 18 Phenolic Compounds from Marine Organisms and Their Biofunctional Properties 452 Jayasri Ravichandran, Liya Babu, Kirubakaran Baskaran Jayalakshmi, Mangaiyarkarasi Manivel, Kamini Numbi Ramudu, Ganesan Ponesakki, and Nimish Mol Stephen 18.1 Introduction 452 18.2 Classification of Marine Phenols 453 18.3 Sources 459 18.4 Influence of Environmental Factors on PCs 465 18.5 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications 466 18.6 Conclusion 472 Acknowledgement 472 Conflict of Interest 472 References 472 19 Polyphenols of Triberry in Dietary Supplements and Health Care 479 Palmiro Poltronieri, Sekar Sasikala, and Srinivasan Narasimhan 19.1 Introduction 479 19.2 Types of Polyphenols Found in Berries 481 19.3 Potential Health Benefits of Polyphenols from Berries 482 19.4 Conclusion 485 References 485 20 Dietary Polyphenols: Recent Trends in Its Biological Significance 489 P. Indra Arulselvi, K.R. Kavya, and M. Kesavapriya 20.1 Introduction 489 20.2 Biological Activities of Dietary Polyphenols 492 20.3 Recent Trends in Polyphenol Research 497 20.4 Conclusion and Outlook 501 References 502 21 Polyphenols for Pharmaceutical (Diagnosis, Therapies, and Prevention of Diseases) Applications 508 Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Sanaz Sajedi-Amin, Abolghasem Jouyban, and Elaheh Rahimpour 21.1 Introduction 508 21.2 Classification of Polyphenols 508 21.3 Polyphenols Applications as Potential Pharmaceutical Agents 511 21.4 Conclusion and Future Trends 524 Abbreviations 525 References 526 22 Food Additive Applications of Polyphenols 531 Richika Ganjoo, Shveta Sharma, Humira Assad, Praveen Kumar Sharma, and Ashish Kumar 21.1 Introduction 531 21.2 Polyphenols as Flavoring Agents 532 21.3 Polyphenols in Enzyme Preparations 535 21.4 Polyphenols in Preservation and Coloring 536 21.5 Polyphenols in Preservation of Meat and Aquatic Items 541 21.6 Conclusion 543 References 544 23 Biological Significance of Polyphenols as Functional Molecules in Biomaterial Preparations 548 Kalaiselvi Vinayagamurthy, Deena Praveena Kumar, Karthika Yalavarthi, Kamini Numbi Ramudu, Jayasri Ravichandran, Nimish Mol Stephen, and Ganesan Ponesakki 23.1 Introduction 548 23.2 Functional Properties of Polyphenols for Biomaterial Engineering 549 23.3 Polyphenols in Biomaterial Engineering 550 23.4 The Biological Significance of Polyphenols as Biomaterials 551 23.5 Marine Polyphenol-Based Biomaterials 569 23.6 Conclusion 571 Acknowledgments 572 Conflict of Interest 572 References 572 Index 585

About the Author :
Chandrabhan Verma, PhD, is a researcher at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He has researched and published extensively on the synthesis and design of environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors.