The threats of emerging diseases have shaken certainties about health systems, the effectiveness of governance, lifestyles and the reality of national sovereignty.
The Covid-19 Crisis analyzes the global issues related to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through investigations and reflections related to both the epidemic itself (epidemiology, computerized surveillance tools and vaccines) and to the societal issues it raises (work, innovation, religious practices, behaviors and societal models).
This eclectic approach highlights scientific working methods that meet the requirements of health crises, as well as technical solutions and societal practices adapted to epidemic situations. It also presents feedback and testimonies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction xi
Jacques BARNOUIN and Bruno SALGUES
Chapter 1 Deciphering the Covid-19 Epidemic and Analysis of Its Controllability 1
Jacques BARNOUIN
1.1 Facts and lessons learned from the emergence of Covid-19 in France 1
1.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 and emerging risks 1
1.1.2 The emergence of the emergence 3
1.1.3 Oise cluster 7
1.1.4 The Haut-Rhin and the Grand Est mega-cluster 15
1.2 Characteristics of an outbreak control system that could potentially control Covid-19 25
1.2.1 Detection of the atypical and the bizarre 25
1.2.2 Three levels of pre-positioning 28
1.2.3 Computer tools for anticipation and analysis 30
1.3 Health rules and scientific lines of thought and action 36
1.4 Geographical distribution of Covid-19 cases and differences in population susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection 38
1.4.1 Analyzing the geography of the epidemic to better understand it 38
1.4.2 Covid-19 in the world 39
1.4.3 Possible explanations for differences in population susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 44
1.5 Conclusion: challenging, preparing, uniting 45
1.5.1 A manageable crisis 45
1.5.2 A crisis without a written end 47
1.5.3 A crisis alien to our societal software 48
1.6 References 50
Chapter 2 The Story of a Pandemic Foretold: Focus on the Covid-19 Vaccine 61
Jean-Pierre GIRARDEAU
2.1 2002, the first warning 61
2.2 2012, a second warning 62
2.3 2019, the pandemic 64
2.4 SARS-CoV-2: far from unknown 65
2.5 Vaccine design possible as early as 2010 66
2.6 Lack of a vaccine: a collective responsibility 69
2.7 SARS-CoV vaccinology: a pathway for rapid development of Covid-19 vaccines 71
2.8 Finalized and planned vaccines 73
2.9 Conclusion: viral aggressor and human disruptor 75
2.10 References 76
Chapter 3 Remote Working after Lockdown 81
Emmanuel MIGNOT
3.1 Elements in the development of remote working 81
3.2 Findings following lockdown 84
3.3 Foreseeable developments 86
3.3.1 Fragile nature of the concept of enterprise 86
3.3.2 Development of mixed statuses (self-employed employees) 86
3.3.3 Generalized multi-employment 87
3.3.4 Development of globalized employment platforms 87
3.4 Obstacles to the widespread development of remote working 88
3.5 References 92
Chapter 4 The Digital Revolution and Religious Fact in the Context of Lockdowns Linked to the Coronavirus 93
Éric FOGARASSY and François DEMONGEOT
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 The lockdown concept 94
4.3 Religions and religious facts 95
4.4 The confinement concept and religious practices 96
4.5 Religions in the face of great historical epidemics 97
4.6 Impact of the digital revolution on religions and their practices 97
4.7 Main digital tools used during the Covid-19 pandemic 100
4.8 Adapting religious practices during lockdown for the coronavirus crisis 101
4.8.1 Christian worship 102
4.8.2 Jewish worship 103
4.8.3 Muslim worship 103
4.9 Digital revolution and religious practices: the future 106
4.10 References 107
Chapter 5 Old and New Rituals Throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic 109
Bruno SALGUES
5.1 The ritual notion 110
5.1.1 Religious and secular rituals 110
5.1.2 Function of ritual recognition 112
5.2 Decline of traditional rituals 112
5.2.1 Causes of decline 112
5.2.2 Contradictory manifestations of the decline of rituals 114
5.3 Old rituals substituted by new ritual phenomena 115
5.3.1 In social life 115
5.3.2 Rituals as an expression of a current of thought 116
5.4 Poorly understood rituals 117
5.4.1 Unknowingly engaging in rituals 117
5.4.2 Dealing with the new place of rituals 117
5.4.3 Protective role of the State 117
5.5 Performative rituals 118
5.5.1 Rituals and order 118
5.5.2 Rituals of protection 118
5.5.3 Rituals of inversion 119
5.5.4 Fighting the ritual with disorder 120
5.5.5 Rituals of opposition 120
5.5.6 Integrated rituals 121
5.6 Death and culture 122
5.6.1 Forms of interrogation 122
5.6.2 Halloween: the manipulated birth of a ritual 122
5.6.3 Conjuring death 124
5.7 Example of the handshake 125
5.8 Political rituals 126
5.9 Conclusion 126
5.10 References 127
Chapter 6 The New Innovators in the Footsteps of the Coronavirus 131
Henri SAMIER, Emmanuel CHÉNÉ and Guy CAVEROT
6.1 Introduction 131
6.2 Pre-Covid innovators 131
6.2.1 Generations of innovation 132
6.3 Types of innovators 133
6.3.1 The explorer 133
6.3.2 The rebel (disobedience and disorder) 134
6.3.3 Corporate hacking 135
6.4 In-Covid innovators (2020–2021) 135
6.4.1 The birth of innovations in times of crisis 135
6.4.2 Examples of innovations arising in times of crisis 136
6.4.3 Motivations of innovators 138
6.5 Post-Covid innovators 143
6.5.1 Sense and common sense 143
6.5.2 Collective and remote working tools 144
6.5.3 Balance of activity–nature–assessment 145
6.5.4 Innovations for humans 145
6.5.5 Organizational innovations 145
6.5.6 Technical innovations 146
6.6 Conclusion 146
6.7 References 147
Chapter 7 Behavior and Anticipation of the Covid-19 Crisis 151
Christian SCHOEN
7.1 Preamble 151
7.2 Anticipation, uncertainty and acceptability 151
7.3 More questions 152
7.4 From information to communication and education 153
7.5 Markers of anticipation 154
7.6 Xth wave 156
7.7 Conclusion: much remains to be done in the study of behavior related to health crises 156
7.8 References 157
Chapter 8 Humans, Digital Technology and the SARS-CoV-2 Health Crisis 159
Judith NICOGOSSIAN
8.1 Introduction 159
8.2 Physical and digital communication in a crisis situation 162
8.3 A little reminder about communication 163
8.3.1 Use case: the Covid-19 health crisis 164
8.3.2 Worrying? 165
8.4 Living and the organization of life 167
8.5 Different value systems in conflict 167
8.5.1 Reason and emotion (between individual and person) 167
8.5.2 Governance by affect 170
8.5.3 Laughter 170
8.5.4 Fear 171
8.6 French communication on the virus 173
8.6.1 Myth of war 174
8.6.2 Sensemaking 176
8.6.3 Importance of rituals 177
8.7 Healing (medicine) and caring (attention) 178
8.8 People and the Internet: from physical to digital 179
8.8.1 Infobesity 179
8.8.2 Digimal 180
8.8.3 Digital obscurantism 181
8.9 Phygital techniques 183
8.10 Conclusion 184
8.11 References 185
Chapter 9 Will the Covid-19 Pandemic be an Opportunity to Implement the Principle of Sustainable Development? 191
Jean-Paul BOIS-MARGNAC
9.1 Introduction 191
9.2 Economic liberalism: a now dominant ideology 192
9.3 An effective pragmatics encouraged by argued academic theses 193
9.4 A deceptive “decline” 195
9.5 Suffering from the predations of the deregulated economic order 195
9.6 How the post-Covid-19 era could bring about change 196
9.7 Principles of sustainable development, foundations of a new social contract 197
9.8 Beyond the citizen and the citizen-consumer, a new political figure 199
9.9 Towards a new morality 199
9.10 Conclusion: uncertainty and unpredictability 201
9.11 References 202
Chapter 10 The Pandemic Has Invited Itself into a World in the Midst of a Crisis of Meaning 203
Philippe TRONC
10.1 Foreword 203
10.2 Giving meaning 205
10.3 Crisis in personal behavior 207
10.4 Crisis of business models 208
10.5 Crisis of our social models 208
10.6 The health crisis as seen from France 210
10.7 Conclusion 218
10.8 References 218
Conclusion 221
Bruno SALGUES
List of Authors 225
Index 227
About the Author :
Bruno Salgues is a research director in the innovation department of the Institut Mines-Telecom, France, and a specialist in information and communication technologies. He is currently involved in the development of the Health Engineering Center at the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Étienne, France.
Jacques Barnouin is a designer of multidisciplinary programs and methodological tools and was formerly director of research at INRAE, France. His research mainly focuses on multifactorial epidemiology.
