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Home > Medicine & Health Science textbooks > Medical specialties, branches of medicine > Pathology > Characterization of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes, DLC-1 and DLC-2, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Characterization of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes, DLC-1 and DLC-2, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Characterization of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes, DLC-1 and DLC-2, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma


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This dissertation, "Characterization of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes, DLC-1 and DLC-2, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Chun-ming, Wong, 黃俊銘, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Characterization of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes, DLC-1 and DLC-2, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Submitted by Wong Chun-Ming For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in December 2003 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Although the risk factors are well known, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis are far from clear. Deletions of chromosomal materials are the most frequent genetic alteration found in HCC. Allelic losses in HCC show a non-random pattern, and chromosomes 8p and 13q are two of the most susceptible chromosomal arms. However, critical regions of loss and putative suppressor genes on 8p and 13q have not been firmly identified. Our experimental data indicated that allelic losses on chromosomes 8p and 13q were frequent in HCC and were associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. In addition, our results showed recurrent losses on the sub-chromosomal regions 8p21.3-22 and 13q12.3. Such recurrent losses suggest the presence of putative tumor suppressor genes, loss of which may be important to HCC development and progression. In search of candidate tumor suppressor genes in these regions, we identified a novel gene DLC-2 (deleted in liver cancer 2) at 13q12.3. DLC-2 shared a high sequence homology with putative tumor suppressor gene DLC-1 at 8p21.3-22. Both DLC-1 and DLC-2 are GTPase activating proteins that activate the intrinsic GTPase activity of RhoA and Cdc42 and switch them off by converting the active GTP-bound state to the inactive GDP-bound state. Several lines of evidence suggest that aberrant activation of Rho proteins is oncogenic. Thus, it is not surprising that DLC-1 and DLC-2 may function as a tumor suppressor. Although we rarely found somatic mutations in the RhoGAP domain of DLC-1 or DLC-2 mRNA, deletion of DLC-1 or DLC-2 locus as revealed by loss of heterozygosity analysis was frequent in human HCC. In addition, DLC-1 and DLC-2 were significantly underexpressed at mRNA levels in primary HCC, suggesting that loss of DLC-1 and DLC-2 functions as a result of downregulated mRNA expression might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, DLC-1 promoter methylation was found in 6 (24%) of 25 primary HCCs and in hepatoma cell lines showing loss of DLC-1 mRNA expression. Our results indicated that both genetic and epigenetic alterations play an important role in inactivation of the DLC-1 gene in hepatocarcinogenesis. We also characterized the tumor suppression function of DLC-1 and DLC-2. We noticed that colony formation was significantly inhibited by transient transfection of DLC-1 cDNA into hepatoma cell lines with no DLC-1 expression. Furthermore, stable expression of DLC-1 mRNA successfully suppressed the proliferation, mitogen- independent growth, and anchorage-independent growth capabilities of SMMC-7721 cells. On the other hand, expression of the GAP domain of DLC-2 in mouse fibroblasts sufficiently repressed Ras signaling and Ras-induced cellular transformation. Overall, our findings suggest that DLC-1 and DLC-2 play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. An abstract of 439 words DOI: 10.5353/th_b2776853 Subjects: Liver - Cancer - Genetic aspects Antioncogenes


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781374709072
  • Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
  • Publisher Imprint: Open Dissertation Press
  • Height: 279 mm
  • No of Pages: 184
  • Weight: 721 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1374709077
  • Publisher Date: 27 Jan 2017
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Spine Width: 13 mm
  • Width: 216 mm


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Characterization of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes, DLC-1 and DLC-2, in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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