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Home > Medicine & Health Science textbooks > Medicine: general issues > Role of DNA Methylation and Intron Structure in Genetic Evolution
Role of DNA Methylation and Intron Structure in Genetic Evolution

Role of DNA Methylation and Intron Structure in Genetic Evolution


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This dissertation, "Role of DNA Methylation and Intron Structure in Genetic Evolution" by Sze-man, Tang, 鄧詩敏, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Role of DNA methylation and Intron Structure in Genetic Evolution Submitted by Tang Sze Man for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2006 Evolution towards higher biological complexity involves a dynamic balance between genetic conservation and adaptation. Such phylogenetic evolution has been accompanied by increasing DNA methylation as well as increasing intron length, suggesting a possible interaction of these two factors in molecular evolution: (i) DNA methylation not only permits heritable and reversible transmission of transcriptional repression but also predisposes methylcytosine to thymine through transitional mutation; whereas (ii) introns, which are capable of modifying transcription via alternating splicing, also play a regulatory role in complex multicellular organisms. To test the hypothesis of this evolutionary interaction between introns and methylation, phyogenetic data mining on dinucleotide frequency and distribution was performed. Cross-species dinucleotide analysis confirmed an increase in CpG to TpG/CpA transition that parallels species DNA methylation, consistent with a central role for methylation-dependent mutation in genetic evolution. Moreover, a significant 5′ to 3′ decline in mononucleotide bias was confirmed, implying an intron length-dependent reduction of repair; consistent with this, the strand-asymmetric CpG mutation pattern suggested a 3′ attenuation of transcription-coupled repair in methylation-dependent damage, and hence of transcription. Finally, two distinct gene subsets containing 5' CpG islands were identified, one of which - namely, the one characterized by more introns and CpG suppression - exhibits more rapid evolution than the other. Considered together, these data strongly suggest that intron insertion and DNA methylation act together to promote the evolution of biological complexity by adaptive selection. DNA methylation and intron insertion could thus represent both a cause and effect of convergent evolution, with DNA methylation favouring 5' intron insertion, and intron insertion favouring 3' DNA methylation. Both processes favour transcriptional repression and reduced DNA repair, thereby accelerating genetic evolution in parts of the genome that are not under strong negative selection. Hence, the thesis is presented that DNA methylation and intron structure interact at the levels of base composition and mutation; DNA repair and insertion/deletion; transcriptional regulation; and chromatin structure. Through these interacting mechanisms, it is proposed that DNA methylation and intron insertion cooperate to drive genetic evolution towards greater biological complexity. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3734870 Subjects: DNA - Methylation Introns Evolutionary genetics


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781374663497
  • Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
  • Publisher Imprint: Open Dissertation Press
  • Height: 279 mm
  • No of Pages: 126
  • Weight: 590 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1374663492
  • Publisher Date: 27 Jan 2017
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Spine Width: 10 mm
  • Width: 216 mm


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