Acid-base indicators (pH indicators) are substances (dyes) which change color with the change in pH. There is no book available in the market directly on acid-base indicators even though the use of acid-base indicators is widespread, growing rapidly and has exploded recently.
This updated handbook provides a systematic and up-to-date library of information on 250+ acid-base indicators serving as a practical guide for both chemists and non-chemists in industry and academia.
Entries are listed alphabetically and include: General chmical name, chemical structure, other names, CA index name, CAS registry number, Colour Index number, Colour Index name, Merck index number (The Merck Index, 15th Edition, 2013), chemical/dye class, molecular formula, molecular weight, physical form, solubility, melting point, boiling point, boiling point (calcd.), pH range, color-change at pH, pKa, pKa (calcd.), absorption (λmax), emission (λmax), molar extinction coefficient, quantum yield, synthesis, biological/medical applications, industrial applications, safety/toxicity, certification/approval and references
Numerous recent references as well as original references (when reported) have been provided on various synthetic methods, biological/medical applications, industrial applications, and safety/toxicity data. This is the first ever book which provides safety/toxicity data with reference to acute toxicity, algal toxicity, amyloid toxicity, aquatic toxicity, bacterial toxicity, carcinogenicity, cardiotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, chromosomal aberrations, chronic toxicity, clastogenicity, cytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, DNA damage, ecotoxicity, embryotoxicity, endocrine disrupters, environmental toxicity, fish toxicity, genotoxicity, hematotoxicity, hepatocarcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, membrane toxicity, microbial toxicity, mitochondrial toxicity, mutagenicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nucleic acid damage, ophthalmic toxicity, oral toxicity, ototoxicity, ovarian toxicity, photodynamic toxicity, photogenotoxicity, phototoxicity, phytotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, reproductive toxicity, skin toxicity, subchronic toxicity, teratogenicity, tumorigenicity, vascular toxicity, and so on.
The second edition of Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators (pH Indicators) has been revised, enlarged and updated with several recent references and added 53 new acid-base indicators. Further, the First Edition provides major applications of acid-base indicators, whereas the Second Edition provides biological/medical applications and industrial applications separately. The Second Edition also provides Certification by Biological Stain Commission (BSC) and Approval by Food & Drugs Administration (FDA) of acid-base indicators, wherever applicable. In addition, several appendixes have been provided at the end of the book for scientists to conveniently and easily find an acid-base indicator as per their need. These appendixes include CAS Registry Numbers, Colour Index Names and Colour Index Numbers, Acridines, Anthraquinones, Aromatics, Azo, Benzeins, Coumarins, Fluorescent, Hydrazines, Maleins, Miscellaneous, Naphthalenes, Nitro, Phenolnaphthaleins, Phthaleins, Quinolines, Sulfonephthaleins, Triphenylmethanes, and Xanthenes.
Table of Contents:
1. Acid Alizarin Violet N
2. Acid Blue 89
3. Acid Blue 92
4. Acid Fuchsin
5. Acridine
6. Alizarin (Alizarin Red)
7. Alizarin Red S
8. Alizarin Yellow GG
9. Alizarin Yellow R
10. Alkali Blue
11. 9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (ACMA)
12. 5-Aminosalicylic acid
13. Anilinesulfonephthalein
14. Anthranilic acid
15. Aurin
16. Benzaurin
17. Benzopurpurin 4B
18. Benzoyl Auramine G
19. Brasilin (Brazilin)
20. Brilliant Green
21. Brilliant Yellow
22. Bromochlorophenol Blue
23. Bromochlorophenol Blue, Sodium Salt
24. Bromocresol Green
25. Bromocresol Green, Sodium Salt
26. Bromocresol Purple
27. Bromocresol Purple, Sodium Salt
28. Bromophenol Blue
29. Bromophenol Blue, Sodium Salt
30. p-Bromophenolmalein
31. Bromophenol Red
32. Bromophenol Red, Sodium Salt
33. Bromothymol Blue
34. Bromothymol Blue, Sodium Salt
35. Bromoxylenol Blue
36. Butyl Orange
37. Butyl Orange, Potassium Salt
38. Butyl Orange, Sodium Salt
39. Butyl Red
40. Calcein
41. Calmagite
42. Carbazol Yellow
43. 5-Carboxyfluorescein
44. 6-Carboxyfluorescein
45. 5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate
46. 6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate
47. 5-Carboxynaphthofluorescein
48. 6-Carboxynaphthofluorescein
49 Carminic acid
50. Carvacrolphthalein
51. Chlorocresol Green
52. 7-Chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid
53. Chlorophenol Red
54. Chlorophenol Red, Sodium Salt
55. Chrome Orange GR
56. Chrysoidin
57. Clayton Yellow
58. Congo Red
59. Coumarin
60. o-Cresolbenzein
61. o-Cresolphthalein
62. o-Cresolphthalein complexon
63. m-Cresol Purple
64. m-Cresol Purple, Sodium Salt
65. o-Cresol Red
66. o-Cresol Red, Sodium Salt
67. Crystal Violet
68. Curcumin
69. Diazo Violet
70. Dibromo-o-cresolbenzein
71. Dibromothymolbenzein
72. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
73. 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin
74. 3,6-Dihydroxyphthalimide
75. Diiodophenolsulfonephthalein)
76. 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-2-methylazobenzene
77. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
78. 2,3-Dinitrophenol (ε-Dinitrophenol)
79. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (α-Dinitrophenol)
80. 2,5-Dinitrophenol (γ-Dinitrophenol)
81. 2,6-Dinitrophenol (β-Dinitrophenol)
82. 3,4-Dinitrophenol (δ-dinitrophenol)
83. 3',3''-Dinitrophenolsulfonephthalein
84. 2,4-Dinitrophenylacetylhydrazine
85. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)
86. 4,6-Dinitrothymol
87. Direct Blue 72
88. Eosin Y
89. Erythrosin B
90. Esculetin
91. p-Ethoxychrysoidin, Hydrochloride
92. Ethyl bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)acetate
93. Ethyl Green
94. Ethyl Orange
95. Ethyl Orange, Potassium Salt
96. Ethyl Orange, Sodium Salt
97. Ethyl Red
98. Ethyl Violet
99. Fluorescein
100. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA)
101. Fluorescein Disodium Salt (Uranine)
102. Fluoroscein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)
103. Fluorexon
104. Gallein
105. Gentian Violet
106. Gentian Violet B
107. Guaiacolphthalein
108. Harmine
109. Hematoxylin
110. 4-Heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (4-Heptadecylumbelliferone)
111. Heptamethoxy Red
112. Hexamethoxy Red
113. Hexyl Orange
114. Hexyl Orange, Sodium Salt
115. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole)
116. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole)
117. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole)
118. Indigo Carmine (Indigotin)
119. Indophenol
120. Iodophenol Blue
121. Iodophenol Red
122. Isonitrosothiocamphor
123. Isopicramic acid
124. Lacmoid
125. Lanacyl Violet BF
126. Litmus
127. Luminol
128. LysoSensor Blue DND 167
129. LysoSensor Blue DND 192
130. LysoSensor Green DND 153
131. LysoSensor Green DND 189
132. LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND 160 (PDMPO)
133. Magdala Red
134. Malachite Green
135. Martius Yellow (2,4-Dinitro-1-naphthol)
136. Mesalamine
137. Metanil Yellow
138. 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde
139. 4-Methylesculetin (6,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)
140. Methyl Green
141. Methyl Orange
142. Methyl Purple
143. Methyl Red
144. Methyl Red, Hydrochloride
145. Methyl Red, Sodium Salt
146. 4-Methylumbelliferone (7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)
147. Methyl Violet
148. Methyl Yellow (Dimethyl Yellow) (Butter Yellow) (Fat Yellow)
149. 1-Naphthoic acid (α-Naphthoic acid)
150. 2-Naphthol (β-Naphthol)
151. Naphthol AS
152. 1-Naphtholbenzein (α-Naphtholbenzein)
153. 1-Naphtholphthalein (α-Naphtholphthalein)
154. 1-Naphtholsulfonephthalein (α-Naphtholsulfonephthalein)
155. 1-Naphthylamine (α-Naphthylamine)
156. 2-Naphthylamine (β-Naphthylamine)
157. α-Naphthyl Red (4-(Phenylazo)-1-naphthylamine)
158. Neutral Red
159. Nile Blue
160. Nile Blue A
161. Nitramine
162. Nitrazine Yellow
163. 4-Nitrobenzhydrazide (p-Nitrobenzhydrazide)
164. 4-Nitrobenzyl cyanide (p-Nitrobenzyl cyanide)
165. 4-Nitrocatechol (p-Nitrocatechol)
166. 2-Nitrophenol (o-Nitrophenol)
167. 3-Nitrophenol (m-Nitrophenol)
168. 4-Nitrophenol (p-Nitrophenol)
169. 4-Nitrophenylacetylhydrazine (p-Nitrophenylacetylhydrazine)
170. 4-Nitrophenylhydrazine (p-Nitrophenylhydrazine)
171. Orange I
172. Orange II
173. Orange III
174. Orange IV
175. Oregon Green 488 carboxylic acid
176. Oregon Green 514 carboxylic acid
177. Oregon Green 488 carboxylic acid diacetate
178 Oxine Blue
179. Palatine Chrome Black 6BN (Calcon)
180. Patent Blue V
181. Pentamethoxy Red
182. Phenolbenzein
183. Phenolmalein
184. Phenol-1,2-naphthalein
185. Phenol-1,8-naphthalein
186. Phenol-2,1-naphthalein
187. Phenolphthalein
188. Phenolphthalein, Disodium Salt
189. Phenol Red
190. Phenol Red, Sodium Salt
191. Phenoltetrabromosulfonephthalein
192. Phenoltetrachlorosulfonephthalein
193. Phenoltetraiodosulfonephthalein
194. 4-(Phenylazo)diphenylamine
195. o-Phenylenediamine
196. p-Phenylenediamine
197. Phloxine B
198. Picric acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)
199. Pinachrome
200. Poirrier Blue
201. Propyl Orange
202. Propyl Orange, Potassium Salt
203. Propyl Orange, Sodium Salt
204. Propyl Red
205. Pyrocatechol Green
206. Pyrocatechol Violet (Catechol Violet)
207. Pyrogallolphthalein
208. Quinaldine Red
209. Quinine
210. Quininic acid
211. Quinoline Blue (Cyanine) (Cyanine Blue)
212. Resazurin (Alamar Blue)
213 Resazurin Sodium Salt
214. Resorcein (Resorcein Blue)
215. Resorcinolmalein
216. Resorufin
217. p-Rosolic acid
218. Rubrophen
219. Salicyladehyde semicarbazone
220. Salicylic Acid
221. Salicyl Yellow
222. Sinalbin
223. Solochrome Violet RS
224. Sulphan Blue
225. Tetrabromophenol Blue
226. Tetrabromophenol Blue, Sodium Salt
227. Tetrabromophenolphthalein
228. Tetrabromophenolphthalein Ethyl Ester Potassium Salt
229. Tetraiodophenolsulfonephthalein
230. 3',3'',5',5''-Tetranitrophenolsulfonephthalein
231. Tetryl
232. Thiazol Yellow G
233. Thymolbenzein
234. Thymol Blue
235. Thymol Blue, Sodium Salt
236. Thymolphthalein
237. 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
238. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
239. 2,4,6-Trinitrophenylacetylhydrazine
240. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) (1-Methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene)
241. Tropaeolin O
242. Tropaeolin OO
243. Tropaeolin OOO
244. Umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin)
245. p-Xylenol Blue
246. p-Xylenol Blue, Sodium Salt
247. Xylenol Orange
248. Xylenol Orange, Sodium Salt
249. Xylenol Orange, Tetrasodium Salt
250. m-Xylenolphthalein (2,6-Dixylenolphthalein)
251. p-Xylenolphthalein
About the Author :
Ram W. Sabnis is a Patent Agent. His interests include dyes, pigments, organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, heterocycles, polymer chemistry, synthesis, formulations, coatings, material science, and patents. Presently, he focuses on drafting and prosecuting U.S. and international patent applications. He is a registered patent agent with U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO). He has 35+ years of technical and legal experience after Ph.D., of which 16+ years of technical (industrial R&D) experience and 19+ years of legal (patent law) (law firm and corporate) experience.
Dr. Sabnis was born and raised in Mumbai, India. He received M. Sc. in Organic Chemistry from University of Mumbai and Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry (Dyes) from Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) (formerly UDCT), Mumbai, India. He is a Chartered Colourists, Fellow of Society of Dyers & Colourists (CCol FSDC). He is also a Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC).
Dr. Sabnis is one of the world’s foremost experts in dyes, inventing world’s first colored bubbles (non-staining) and color changing dye system with many applications. He has immensely contributed to color science and technology for the past 40+ years, particularly, dyes for biomedicine, personal care products, health/beauty products, electronics (displays, OLEDs), inks, paints, plastics, textiles and toys/bubbles.
He has over 500 publications, which include books, book chapters, encyclopedia chapters, patents, reviews, papers, and symposia presentations. He is also an inventor on several U.S. Patents and international patent applications (issued/published). Dr. Sabnis is the recipient of Perkin Innovation Award, Pfish Award, Grand Innovation Award, Competitive Spirit Award and Best Doctoral Thesis Award. Dr. Sabnis has been awarded “Gold Medal” for “Outstanding service to coloration industry” and “Centenary Medal” for “Best Review in Coloration Technology” by the Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, U.K. He has been awarded “UAA-ICT Distinguished Alumnus Award - Research by Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
Dr. Sabnis is an ACS Patent Panelist and ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters Editorial Board Member. He has been awarded USPTO (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office) Patent Pro Bono Achievement Certificate (2021-2024). He has around 400 legal representations for patents, which include U.S. Patents and PCT international applications. He has been awarded Certificate of Appreciation for outstanding contributions to ACS U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO) by the American Chemical Society (ACS) (2023-2024).
Dr. Sabnis has written three books on color chemistry, namely, “Handbook of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes,” “Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains” and “Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators.” He will continue to focus his activities on fascinating dye chemistry as well as demanding intellectual property in the years to come.
