Everything's an Argument with Readings

Table of Contents:
* New to this edition Preface PART 1: Reading and Understanding Arguments 1. Understanding Arguments and Reading Them Critically Everything Is an Argument Reading Arguments Rhetorically and Critically Listening to Arguments Rhetorically and Respectfully Why We Make Arguments Occasions for Argument Kinds of Argument STASIS QUESTIONS AT WORK Appealing to Audiences           CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Considering Whats "Normal" 2. Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos Reading Critically for Pathos Using Emotions to Build Bridges Using Emotions to Sustain an Argument Using Humor Using Arguments Based on Emotion 3. Arguments Based on Character: Ethos Thinking Critically about Arguments Based on Character Establishing Trustworthiness and Credibility Claiming Authority Coming Clean about Motives CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Ethos 4. Arguments Based on Facts and Reason: Logos Spotting Fake News Thinking Critically about Hard Evidence Using Reason and Common Sense Providing Logical Structures for Argument CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Logos 5. Fallacies of Argument Fallacies of Emotional Argument Fallacies of Ethical Argument Fallacies of Logical Argument 6. Rhetorical Analysis Composing a Rhetorical Analysis: Reading and Viewing Critically Understanding the Purpose of Arguments You Are Analyzing Understanding Who Makes an Argument Identifying and Appealing to Audiences Examining Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos Examining Arguments Based on Character: Ethos Examining Arguments Based on Facts and Reason: Logos Examining the Arrangement and Media of Arguments Looking at Style Examining a Rhetorical Analysis *Kevin Garcia, Can You Lose a Language You Never Knew? *Marielys Diaz, The Loss of a Language Kevin Garcia Never Knew: A Rhetorical Analysis GUIDE TO WRITING A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS PART 2: Writing Arguments 7. Structuring Arguments The Classical Oration Rogerian Argument A Sample Rogerian Argument *Pamela Paresky and Bradley Campbell, Safetyism Isn’t the Problem  Invitational Argument Toulmin Argument A Toulmin Analysis Stephen L. Carter, Offensive Speech Is Free Speech. If Only We’d Listen. CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Organization 8. Arguments of Fact Understanding Arguments of Fact Characterizing Factual Arguments Developing a Factual Argument GUIDE TO WRITING AN ARGUMENT OF FACT Two Sample Factual Arguments *Makiya Lineberger, A Change in Education: The Benefits of Online vs. In-Class Learning (student essay) *Simón(e) D Sun, Stop Using Phony Science to Justify Transphobia 9. Arguments of Definition Understanding Arguments of Definition Kinds of Definition Developing a Definitional Argument GUIDE TO WRITING AN ARGUMENT OF DEFINITION Two Sample Definitional Arguments Natasha Rodriguez, Who Are You Calling Underprivileged? (student essay) Rob Jenkins, Defining the Relationship 10. Evaluations Understanding Evaluations Criteria of Evaluation Characterizing Evaluation Developing an Evaluative Argument     GUIDE TO WRITING AN EVALUATION Two Sample Evaluations Jenny Kim, The Toxicity in Learning (student essay) *Christopher Orr, The Secret of Scooby-Doo’s Enduring Appeal 11. Causal Arguments Understanding Causal Arguments Characterizing Causal Arguments Developing Causal Arguments GUIDE TO WRITING A CAUSAL ARGUMENT Two Sample Causal Arguments Laura Tarrant, Forever Alone (and Perfectly Fine) (student essay) Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry, America’s Birthrate Is Now a National Emergency 12. Proposals Understanding and Categorizing Proposals Characterizing Proposals Developing Proposals          GUIDE TO WRITING A PROPOSAL Two Sample Proposals Caleb Wong, Addiction to Social Media: How to Overcome It (student essay) Associated Students of the University of California, Proposal to Make Election Day a Non-Instructional Day PART 3: Style and Presentation in Arguments 13. Style in Arguments Style and Word Choice CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Pronouns Sentence Structure and Argument CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: “Standard,” “Formal,” and Other Conventions  Punctuation and Argument Special Effects: Figurative Language 14. Visual Rhetoric The Power of Visual Arguments Using Visuals in Your Own Arguments 15. Presenting Arguments Class and Public Discussions CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Speaking Up in Class Preparing a Presentation Poster Sessions: Oral Presentations in Academic Settings Webcasts: Live Presentations on the Internet 16. New Media and Multimodal Arguments Old Media Transformed by New Media READING IN PRINT VS. ONLINE New Content in New Media New Audiences in New Media Analyzing Arguments in New Media Making New Media and Multimodal Arguments PART 4: Research and Arguments 17. Academic Arguments Understanding What Academic Argument Is Conventions in Academic Argument Are Not Static CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Considering English(es) Developing an Academic Argument Two Sample Academic Arguments Charlotte Geaghan-Breiner, Where the Wild Things Should Be: Healing Nature Deficit Disorder through the Schoolyard (student essay) Sidra Montgomery, The Emotion Work of “Thank You for Your Service” 18. Finding Evidence Considering the Rhetorical Situation CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: The Rhetorical Situation Searching Effectively SEARCHING ONLINE OR IN DATABASES Collecting Data on Your Own Draw Upon Narratives as Evidence 19. Evaluating Sources Identifying Bias Assessing Sources Practicing Crap Detection CASE STUDY: Lateral Reading Assessing Field Research 20. Using Sources Practicing Infotention Building a Critical Mass Synthesizing Information 21. Maintaining Academic Integrity and Crediting Sources CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT: Intellectual Property and Remix Culture Crediting Sources WHAT COPYRIGHT DOESN’T PROTECT Getting Permission for and Using Copyrighted Internet Sources Acknowledging Your Sources Accurately and Appropriately Crediting Collaborators 22. Documenting Sources MLA Style APA Style PART 5: Arguments 23. How Does Popular Culture Stereotype You? D.K., Shooting Guns: It’s Rather Fun, Actually Making a Visual Argument            Sonny Assu, Breakfast Series Nicole Pasulka, How a Bible-Belt Evangelical Church Embraced Gay Rights *Abeer Yusuf, Finally, There’s a Bechdel Test for Muslim Representation *Ella Houston, Featuring Disabled Women in Advertisements: The Commodification of Diversity? *Grace S. Yang, Bryan Gibson, Adam K. Lueke, L. Rowell Huesmann, and Brad J. Bushman, Effects of Avatar Race in Violent Video Games on Racial Attitudes and Aggression 24. How Does the Internet Change Our Behavior? *Elizabeth Heath, Why Funny Animal Videos Are Good for You Making a Visual Argument: Humor Online             *@rajaravivarmamemes, Raja Ravi Varma Memes            *Nicole Tersigni, from Men to Avoid in Art and Life *Jennifer Liu, What Happens When Toxic Office Behavior Moves Online While Working from Home *Robin Lake and Alvin Makori, The Digital Divide among Students during COVID-19: Who Has Access? Who Doesn’t? *Ross Douthat, 10 Theses about Cancel Culture *danah boyd, Hacking the Attention Economy 25. How Does Language Influence Our World? Japanese American Citizens League, from The Power of Words *Katy Steinmetz, Why “They” Is Here to Stay Roxane Gay, The Careless Language of Sexual Violence Making a Visual Argument            *U.S. Census Bureau, English and Other Languages in the United States John McWhorter, Thick of Tongue *Jason Sarkozi-Forfinski, Speak English or Else You’ll Be Put on Dish Duty! 26. How Free Should Campus Speech Be? John Palfrey, Safe Spaces, Brave Spaces *Poll Gallup/Knight Foundation, The First Amendment on Campus 2020 Report: College Students’ Views of Free Expression  Making a Visual Argument            *Jason Jiang, But I Didn’t Mean It Like That Scott O. Lilienfeld, Why a Moratorium on Microaggressions Is Needed *Judy Gold, Say That Again, and I’ll Wash Your Mouth Out with Soap *Ulrich Baer, A Slippery Slope, or Who Is to Draw the Line? 27. How Do Symbols Function in Times of Division? *Carolina A. Miranda, The Capitol, “Symbol of Democracy,” Has a Troubled History *Elliot Ackerman, The Confederate Monuments We Shouldn’t Tear Down *Olga Khazan, Why People Loot *Steven Reidbord, Antisocial Masking Disorder Making a Visual Argument: Op-Ed Cartoons and the Use of Symbols             *Jeff Koterba, Remote Learning and the Internet            *Patrick Chappatte, Back to Normal?            *Felipe Galindo, Corona on the US Flag            *Dario Castillejos, Monument to Racism *Viet Thanh Nguyen, Asian Americans Are Still Caught in the Trap of the “Model Minority” Stereotype. And It Creates Inequality for All. Glossary Index

About the Author :
Andrea Lunsford, Louise Hewlett Nixon Professor of English emerita and former Director of the Program in Writing and Rhetoric at Stanford University, joined the Stanford faculty in 2000. Prior to this appointment, she was Distinguished Professor of English at The Ohio State University (1986-2000) and, before that, Associate Professor and Director of Writing at the University of British Columbia (1977-86) and Associate Professor of English at Hillsborough Community College. A frequent member of the faculty of the Bread Loaf School of English, Andrea earned her B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Florida and completed her Ph.D. in English at The Ohio State University (1977). She holds honorary degrees from Middlebury College and The University of Ôrebro. Andreas scholarly interests include the contributions of women and people of color to rhetorical history, theory, and practice; collaboration and collaborative writing, comics/graphic narratives; translanguaging and style, and technologies of writing. She has written or coauthored many books, including Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse; Singular Texts/Plural Authors: Perspectives on Collaborative Writing; and Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women in the History of Rhetoric, as well as numerous chapters and articles. For Bedford/St. Martin’s, she is the author of The St. Martins Handbook, The Everyday Writer, and EasyWriter; the co-author (with John Ruszkiewicz) of Everything’s an Argument and (with John Ruszkiewicz and Keith Walters) of Everything’s an Argument with Readings; and the co-author (with Lisa Ede) of Writing Together: Collaboration in Theory and Practice. She is also a regular contributor to the Bits teaching blog on Bedford/St. Martin’s English Community site. Andrea has given presentations and workshops on the changing nature and scope of writing and critical language awareness at scores of North American universities, served as Chair of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, as Chair of the Modern Language Association Division on Writing, and as a member of the MLA Executive Council. In her spare time, she serves on the Board of La Casa Roja’s Next Generation Leadership Network, as Chair of the Kronos Quartet Performing Arts Association--and works diligently if not particularly well in her communal organic garden. John J. Ruszkiewicz is a professor emeritus at the University of Texas at Austin where he taught literature, rhetoric, and writing for forty years. A winner of the President’s Associates Teaching Excellence Award, he was instrumental in creating the Department of Rhetoric and Writing in 1993 and directed the unit from 2001-05. He has also served as president of the Conference of College Teachers of English (CCTE) of Texas, which gave him its Frances Hernández Teacher—Scholar Award in 2012. For Bedford/St. Martins, he is coauthor, with Andrea Lunsford, of Everything’s an Argument and the author of How to Write Anything. In retirement, he writes the mystery novels under the pen name J.J. Rusz; the most recent, The Lost Mine Trail, published in 2020 on Amazon. Keith Walters is professor of applied linguistics at Portland State University. Much of his research focuses on language and identity in North Africa, especially Tunisia, and the United States. He has also taught freshman composition and English as a second/foreign language.