A History of World Societies, Concise Edition, Volume 1

Table of Contents:
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.　 Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.　 Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-33.　 NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, quizzes for sources and features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, all of the documents from the companion reader Sources for World Societies, and quizzes for each of the documents in the companion reader – has been labeled on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned. Contents Preface Versions and Supplements Maps, Figures, and Tables Special Features 1 The Earliest Human Societies　 to 2500 b.c.e. Evolution and Migration Understanding the Early Human Past • Hominin Evolution • Homo Sapiens, "Thinking Humans" • Migration and Differentiation Later Paleolithic Society, ca. 200,000–9000 b.c.e. Foraging for Food • Family and Kinship Relationships • Cultural Creations and Spirituality The Development of Agriculture in the Neolithic Era, ca. 9000 b.c.e. Plant Domestication and the Development of Horticulture • Animal Domestication and the Rise of Pastoralism • Plow Agriculture Neolithic Society Social Hierarchies and Slavery • Gender Hierarchies and Inheritance • Trade and Cross-Cultural Connections Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence Bison and Human in Lascaux Cave Compare Viewpoints Calendar Megaliths in Egypt and England Individuals in Society The Iceman, A Neolithic Murder Victim 2 Complex Societies in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley 3800–500 b.c.e. Writing, Cities, and States Written Sources and the Human Past • Cities and the Idea of Civilization • The Rise of States, Laws, and Social Hierarchies Mesopotamia from Sumer to Babylon Environmental Challenges, Irrigation, and Religion • Sumerian Politics and Society • Writing, Mathematics, and Poetry • Empires in Mesopotamia • Life Under Hammurabi The Egyptians The Nile and the God-King • Egyptian Society and Work • Migrations, Revivals, and Collapse • Iron and the Emergence of New States The Hebrews The Hebrew State • The Jewish Religion • Hebrew Family and Society The Assyrians and Persians Assyria, the Military Monarchy • The Rise and Expansion of the Persian Empire • The Religion of Zoroaster Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence Hammurabi’s Code on Marriage and Divorce Compare Viewpoints Babylonian and Hebrew Ideas of Rulers and Divine Favor Individuals in Society King Taharqa, Ruler of Kush and Egypt 3 The Foundation of Indian Society to 300 c.e. The Land and Its First Settlers, ca. 3000–1500 b.c.e. The Aryans During the Vedic Age, ca. 1500–500 b.c.e. Aryan Dominance in North India • Life in Early India • Brahmanism India’s Great Religions Jainism • Siddhartha Gautama and Buddhism • Hinduism Western Contact and the Mauryan Unification of North India, ca. 513–185 b.c.e. Encounters with the West • Chandragupta and the Founding of the Mauryan Empire • The Reign of Ashoka, ca. 269–232 b.c.e. Small States and Trading Networks, 185 b.c.e.–300 c.e. Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence Gandharan Frieze Depicting the Buddha’s Enlightenment Compare Viewpoints Divine Martial Prowess in India and Sumer　　　　 Individuals in Society Sudatta, Lay Follower of the Buddha 4 China’s Classical Age to 221 b.c.e. The Emergence of Civilization in China The Impact of Geography • Early Agricultural Societies of the Neolithic Age The Shang Dynasty, ca. 1500–1050 b.c.e. Shang Society • Bronze Metalworking • The Development of Writing The Early Zhou Dynasty, ca. 1050–400 b.c.e. Zhou Politics • Life During the Zhou Dynasty The Warring States Period, 403–221 b.c.e. New Technologies for War • The Victorious States Confucius and His Followers Confucius • The Spread of Confucian Ideas Daoism, Legalism, and Other Schools of Thought Daoism • Legalism • The Workings of Nature Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence The Teachings of Confucius Compare Viewpoints The Inglorious Side of War in the Book of Songs and the Patirruppattu　　 Individuals in Society Li Bing, Water-Works Expert 5 The Greek Experience 3500–30 b.c.e. Greece in the Bronze Age and the "Dark Age," ca. 3000–800 b.c.e. The Minoans and Mycenaeans • The "Dark Age" The Development of the Polis in the Archaic Age, ca. 800–500 b.c.e. Organization of the Polis • Overseas Expansion and Trade • The Growth of Sparta • The Evolution of Athens Turmoil and Culture in the Classical Period, 500–338 b.c.e. The Deadly Conflicts, 499–404 b.c.e. • Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles • Social Hierarchies and Sexual Relations • Public and Personal Religion • The Development of Philosophy Hellenistic Society, 323–30 b.c.e. From Polis to Monarchy, 404–200 b.c.e. • Building a Hellenized Society • The Hellenistic Economy Hellenistic Religion, Philosophy, and Science Religion in the Hellenistic World • Philosophy and Its Guidance for Life • Hellenistic Science and Medicine Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence The Acropolis of Athens Compare Viewpoints Hellenistic and Chinese Spells　 Individuals in Society Archimedes, Scientist and Inventor 6 The World of Rome ca. 1000 b.c.e.–400 c.e. The Romans in Italy The Etruscans • The Founding of Rome • The Roman Conquest of Italy • The Roman State • Social Conflict in Rome Roman Expansion and Its Repercussions Overseas Conquests and the Punic Wars, 264–133 b.c.e. • New Influences and Old Values in Roman Culture • The Late Republic and the Rise of Augustus, 133–27 b.c.e. • The Successes of Augustus Rome and the Provinces Political and Military Changes in the Empire • Life in Imperial Rome • Prosperity and Problems in the Roman Provinces • Eastward Expansion and Contacts Between Rome and China The Coming of Christianity Factors Behind the Rise of Christianity • The Life and Teachings of Jesus • The Spread of Christianity • The Growing Acceptance and Evolution of Christianity Turmoil and Reform Political Measures • Economic Issues • The Acceptance of Christianity Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence The Edict of Toleration and the Edict of Milan　 Compare Viewpoints Roman and Chinese Officials Confront Natural Disasters Individuals in Society Cleopatra, Ruler and Sex Symbol 7 East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism 221 b.c.e.–845 c.e. The Age of Empire in China: The Qin and Han Dynasties The Qin Unification, 221–206 b.c.e. • The Han Dynasty, 206 b.c.e.–220 c.e. • Han Intellectual and Cultural Life • Inner Asia and the Silk Road • Life in Han China • China and Rome • The Fall of the Han and the Age of Division The Spread of Buddhism Out of India Buddhism’s Path Through Central Asia • The Appeal and Impact of Buddhism in China The Chinese Empire Re-created: The Sui and Tang Dynasties The Sui Dynasty, 581–618 • The Tang Dynasty, 618–907 • Tang Culture The East Asian Cultural Sphere Vietnam • Korea • Japan Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence Hōryūji Temple Compare Viewpoints Coping with Epidemics in Japan and Byzantium Individuals in Society The Ban Family, a Tale of Three Siblings 8 Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia 250–850 The Byzantine Empire Sources of Byzantine Strength • The Sassanid Empire and Conflicts with Byzantium • Justinian’s Code of Law • Byzantine Learning and Science • Life in Constantinople The Growth of the Christian Church The Evolution of Church Leadership and Orthodoxy • The Western Church and the Eastern Church • Christian Monasticism Christian Ideas and Practices Christianity and Classical Culture • Saint Augustine on Sin, Grace, and Redemption • The Iconoclastic Controversy Migrating Peoples Movement Patterns • Economic and Social Structures • Tribes, Warriors, and Laws Christian Missionaries and Conversion Missionaries’ Actions • The Process of Conversion Frankish Rulers and Their Territories The Merovingians and Carolingians • The Warrior-Ruler Charlemagne Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence The Capitulary de Villis Compare Viewpoints Roman and Byzantine Views of Barbarians Individuals in Society Theodora of Constantinople, Actress and Empress 9 The Islamic World 600–1400 The Origins of Islam Society and Culture in the Arabian Peninsula • Muhammad’s Rise as a Religious and Political Leader • The Teachings of Islam The Expansion of Islam Islam’s Spread Beyond Arabia • The Shi’a/Sunni Split and the Umayyad Caliphate • The Abbasid Caliphate • The Environmental Impact of Islamic Expansion Fragmentation and Military Challenges, 900–1400 Breakaway Territories and Shi’a Gains • The Ascendancy of the Turks • The Mongol Invasions Muslim Society The Social Hierarchy • Slavery • Women in Islamic Society • Sexuality and Marriage Cultural Developments The Cultural Centers of Baghdad and Córdoba • Education • Cultural and Intellectual Life • The Mystical Tradition of Sufism Trade and Cross-cultural Interactions 　 　 　 Trade and Commerce • Muslim-Christian Encounters Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence The Court of the Lions at the Alhambra Compare Viewpoints The Muslim Conquest of Spain Individuals in Society Ibn Battuta, World Traveler 10 African Societies and Kingdoms 1000 b.c.e.–1500 c.e. The Land and Peoples of Africa Early African Societies Agriculture and Its Impact • Bantu Migrations • Life in the Kingdoms of the Western Sudan, ca. 1000 b.c.e.–800 c.e. The Trans-Saharan Trade The Berbers of North Africa • Effects of Trade on West African Society • The Spread of Islam in Africa African Kingdoms and Empires, ca. 800–1500 The Kingdom of Ghana, ca. 900–1100 • The Kingdom of Mali, ca. 1200–1450 • Ethiopia: The Christian Kingdom of Aksum • The East African City-States • Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features 　　 Analyze Written Evidence A Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Describes Parts of the East African Coast Compare Viewpoints Early Descriptions of the East African Coast Individuals in Society King Ezana, Christian Ruler of Aksum 11 The Americas To 1500 c.e. 　 Societies of the Americas in a Global Context Trade and Technology • Settlement and Environment Ancient Societies 　 Olmec Agriculture, Technology, and Religion • Hohokam, Hopewell, and Mississippian Societies • Climate Change and North American Societies • Kinship and Ancestors in the Andes The Incas The Inca Model of Empire • Inca Imperial Expansion • Imperial Needs and Obligations The Maya and Teotihuacan Maya Agriculture and Trade • Maya Science and Religion • Teotihuacan and the Toltecs The Aztec Empire The Mexica: From Vassals to Rulers • Life in the Aztec Empire • The Limits of the Aztec Empire American Empires and the Encounter The Last Day of the Aztecs • The Fall of the Incas Chapter Summary make Connections, look ahead REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence The Maya Calendar Compare Viewpoints Inca and Spanish Views on Religion, Authority, and Tribute Individuals in Society Tlacaelel, Architect of Empire 12 States and Cultures in East Asia 800–1400 The Medieval Chinese Economic Revolution, 800–1100 China During the Song, Liao, and Jin Dynasties, 960–1232 The Song Dynasty and its Northern Rivals • The Scholar-Officials and Neo-Confucianism • Women’s Lives in Song Times • Environmental Crises Korea Under the Goryeo Dynasty, 935–1392 Japan’s Heian Period, 794–1185 Fujiwara Rule • Aristocratic Culture The Samurai and the Kamakura Shogunate, 1185–1333 Military Rule • Cultural and Economic Trends Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence Kamo no Chomei on Calamities Witnessed Compare Viewpoints Painters of Uncanny Skill in China and Rome Individuals in Society Shen Gua, Polymath 13 Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia 300–1400 Central Asian Nomads Nomadic Society • The Turks • The Mongols Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire Chinggis Khan • Chinggis’s Successors • The Mongols as Rulers East-West Communication During the Mongol Era The Movement of Peoples • The Spread of Disease, Goods, and Ideas India, Islam, and the Development of Regional Cultures, 300–1400 The Gupta Empire, ca. 320–480 • India’s Medieval Age and the First Encounter with Islam • The Delhi Sultanate • Life in Medieval India Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Growth of Maritime Trade State Formation and Indian Influences • The Srivijayan Maritime Trade Empire • The Spread of Indian Culture in Comparative Perspective • The Settlement of the Pacific Islands Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE 　　 Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence Bayan Relief at Angkor Thom Compare Viewpoints The Mongols’ Adoption of Paper Money　　 Individuals in Society Bana, Romance Writer 14 Europe and Western Asia in the Middle Ages 800–1450 Political Developments Invasions and Migrations • "Feudalism" and Serfdom • The Restoration of Order • Law and Justice The Christian Church Papal Reforms • Monastic Life • Popular Religion • The Expansion of Western and Eastern Christianity The Crusades Background and Motives • The Course of the Crusades • Consequences of the Crusades The Life of the People The Life and Work of Peasants • The Life and Work of Nobles • Towns, Cities, and the Growth of Commercial Interests • The Expansion of Trade and the Commercial Revolution Learning and Culture Universities and Scholasticism • Cathedrals and a New Architectural Style • Vernacular Literature and Drama Crises of the Later Middle Ages The Little Ice Age and the Black Death • The Hundred Years’ War • Challenges to the Christian Church • Peasant and Urban Revolts Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence Courtly Love Poetry Compare Viewpoints Italian and English Views of the Plague Individuals in Society Hildegard of Bingen, Abbess, Mystic, and Composer　　　　 15 Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation 1350–1600 Renaissance Culture Wealth and Power in Renaissance Italy • The Rise of Humanism • Christian Humanism • Printing and Its Social Impact • Art and the Artist Social Hierarchies Race and Slavery • Wealth and the Nobility • Gender Roles Politics and the State in the Renaissance Warfare, Money, and Mining • France • England • Spain • The Habsburgs The Protestant Reformation Criticism of the Church • Martin Luther • Protestant Thought and Its Appeal • The Radical Reformation and the German Peasants’ War • Marriage and Women’s Roles • The Reformation and German Politics • England’s Shift Toward Protestantism • Calvinism and Its Moral Standards The Catholic Reformation Papal Reforms and the Council of Trent • New Religious Orders Religious Violence French Religious Wars • Civil Wars in the Netherlands • The Great European Witch-Hunt Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Visual Evidence Woodcuts from Agricola’s De re metallica Compare Viewpoints Chinese and European Views on Proper Behavior Individuals in Society Leonardo da Vinci, Artist, Inventor, Genius 16 The Acceleration of Global Contact 1450–1600 The Afro-Eurasian Trade World The Trade World of the Indian Ocean • Peoples and Cultures of Southeast Asia • Muslim Influences and African Trade • Genoese and Venetian Middlemen The European Voyages of Discovery Causes of European Expansion • Technology and the Rise of Exploration • The Portuguese in Africa and Asia • Spain’s Voyages to the Americas • Spain "Discovers" the Pacific • Early Exploration by Northern European Powers Conquest and Settlement Spanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires • Portuguese Brazil • Colonial Administration • Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population • Patterns of Settlement The Era of Global Contact Population Loss and the Ecological Impacts of Contact • Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery • Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects • The Birth of the Global Economy Changing Attitudes and Beliefs Religious Conversion • European Debates About Indigenous Peoples • New Ideas About Race Chapter Summary MAKE Connections, LOOK AHEAD REVIEW AND EXPLORE Primary Source Features Analyze Written Evidence Columbus Describes His First Voyage Compare Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain Individuals in Society　 Catarina de San Juan, Former Slave and Popular Saint