The American Promise, Value Edition, Combined Volume: A History of the United States

Table of Contents:
Please Note: The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16 and Volume 2 includes Chapters 16-31. Preface Versions and Supplements Maps and Figures 1. Ancient America, Before 1492 An American Story: An archaeological dig uncovers ancient North Americans traditions Why do historians rely on the work of archaeologists? When and how did humans migrate into North America? African and Asian Origins Paleo-Indian Hunters When and why did Archaic hunter-gatherers inhabit ancient America? Great Plains Bison Hunters Great Basin Cultures Pacific Coast Cultures Eastern Woodland Cultures How did agriculture influence ancient American cultures? Southwestern Cultures Woodland Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms What ancient American cultures inhabited North America in the 1490s? Eastern and Great Plains Peoples Southwestern and Western Peoples Cultural Similarities How did the Mexican empire amass power and riches? Conclusion: How did ancient Americans shape their world and ours? Chapter Review 2. Europeans Encounter the New World, 1492–1600 An American Story: Queen Isabella of Spain supports Columbus’s risky plan to sail west across the Atlantic Why did Europeans launch explorations in the fifteenth century? Mediterranean Trade and European Expansion A Century of Portuguese Exploration What did Spaniards discover in the western Atlantic? The Explorations of Columbus The Geographic Revolution and the Columbian Exchange How did Spaniards conquer and colonize New Spain? The Conquest of Mexico The Search for Other Mexicos Spanish Outposts in Florida and New Mexico New Spain in the Sixteenth Century The Toll of Spanish Conquest and Colonization How did New Spain influence Europe? The Protestant Reformation and the Spanish Response Europe and The Spanish Example Conclusion: What did the New World Promise Europeans? Chapter Review 3. The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700 An American Story: A young woman from England travels to America as a servant How did settlers encounters with Native Americans and the Chesapeake environment shape the colony of Virginia? The Fragile Jamestown Settlement Cooperation and Conflict between Natives and Newcomers From Private Company to Royal Government How did tobacco influence Chesapeake society? Tobacco Agriculture A Servant Labor System The Rigors of Servitude Cultivating Land and Faith Why did Chesapeake society change by the 1670s? Social and Economic Polarization Government Policies and Political Conflict Bacon’s Rebellion Why did a slave labor system develop in England’s southern colonies? Indians Revolt in New Mexico and Florida Religion and Revolt in the Spanish Borderland The West Indies: Sugar and Slavery Carolina: A West Indian Frontier Slave Labor Emerges in the Chesapeake Conclusion: How did export crops contribute to the growth of the southern colonies? Chapter Review 4. The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700 An American Story: Roger Williams is banished from Puritan Massachusetts Why did Puritans emigrate to North America? Puritan Origins: The English Reformation The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony The Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony How did New England society change during the seventeenth century? Church, Covenant, and Conformity Government by Puritans for Puritanism The Splintering of Puritanism Religious Controversies and Economic Changes How did the Middle Colonies differ from New England and the southern colonies? From New Netherland to New York New Jersey and Pennsylvania Toleration and Diversity in Pennsylvania How did the English empire influence the colonies? Royal Regulation of Colonial Trade King Philip’s War and the Consolidation of Royal Authority Conclusion: Was there an English model of colonization in North America? Chapter Review 5. Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 1701–1770 An American Story: The Robin Johns’ horrific turns of fortune in the Atlantic slave trade How did the British North American colonies change during the eighteenth century? What changed in New England life and culture? Natural Increase and Land Distribution Farms, Fish, and Atlantic Trade Why did the Middle Colonies grow rapidly? German and Scots-Irish Immigrants "God Gives All Things to Industry": Urban and Rural Labor Why did slavery come to define the Southern Colonies? The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Growth of Slavery Slave Labor and African American Culture Tobacco, Rice, and Prosperity What unified colonists in British North America during the eighteenth century? Commerce and Consumption Religion, Enlightenment, and Revival Trade and Conflict in the North American Borderlands Colonial Politics in the British Empire Conclusion: Why did British North American colonists develop a dual identity? Chapter Review 6. The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis, 1754-1775 An American Story: Loyalist governor Thomas Hutchinson stands his ground How did the Seven Years’ War lay the groundwork for colonial crisis? French-British Rivalry in the Ohio Country The Albany Congress The War and Its Consequences Pontiac’s Rebellion War and the Proclamation of 1763 How did imperial authorities and British colonists differ in their views about the legitimacy of taxing the colonies? Grenville’s Sugar Act The Stamp Act Resistance: From Colonial Assemblies to Crowd Politics Liberty and Property Why did the colonial crisis worsen after the repeal of the Stamp Act? The Townshend Duties Nonconsumption and the Daughters of Liberty Military Occupation and "Massacre" in Boston How did British policy and colonial response interact after the repeal of the Townshend Duties to lead to open rebellion? The Calm before the Storm Tea in Boston Harbor The Coercive Acts Beyond Boston: Rural New England The First Continental Congress How did enslaved people in the colonies react to the stirrings of revolution? Lexington and Concord Rebelling against Slavery Conclusion: What changes did the American colonists want in 1775? Chapter Review 7. The War for America, 1775-1783 An American Story: Deborah Sampson masquerades as a man to join the Continental army What eventually persuaded British North American colonists to support independence? Assuming Political and Military Authority Pursuing Both War and Peace Thomas Paine, Abigail Adams, and the Case for Independence The Declaration of Independence How did the military objectives of each side shape the course of the war’s early years? The American Military Forces The British Strategy Quebec, New York, and New Jersey How did the war transform the home front? Patriotism at the Local Level The Loyalists Who Is a Traitor? Financial Instability and Corruption From Rebellion to Revolution How did the American Revolution expand to become a war among continental and global powers? Burgoyne’s Army and the Battle of Saratoga The War in the West: Indian Country The French Alliance What were the principal causes of the British defeat? Georgia and South Carolina Treason and Guerrilla Warfare Surrender at Yorktown The Losers and the Winners Conclusion: Why did the British lose the American Revolution? Chapter Review 8. Building a Republic, 1775-1789 An American Story: James Madison comes of age in the midst of revolution What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create? Confederation and Taxation The Problem of Western Lands Running the New Government How was republican government implemented? The State Constitutions Who Are "the People"? Equality and Slavery Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? The War Debt and the Newburgh Conspiracy The Treaty of Fort Stanwix The Northwest Territory The Requisition of 1785 and Shays’s Rebellion, 1786–1787 How did the Constitution change the nation’s form of government? From Annapolis to Philadelphia The Virginia and New Jersey Plans Checks and Balances Why did so many Americans object to the Constitution? The Federalists The Antifederalists The Federalist Persuasion Conclusion: What was the "republican remedy"? Chapter Review 9. The New Nation Takes Form, 1789–1800 An American Story: Alexander Hamilton becomes a polarizing figure in the 1790s What were the sources of political stability in the 1790s? Washington Inaugurates the Government The Bill of Rights The Republican Wife and Mother Why did Hamilton’s economic policies provoke such controversy? Agriculture, Transportation, and Banking The Public Debt and Taxes The First Bank of the United States and the Report on Manufactures What threats did the United States face in the West? Western Discontent and the Whiskey Rebellion Creeks in the Southwest Ohio Indians in the Northwest What threats did the United States face in the Atlantic World? France and Britain: Toward Neutrality The Jay Treaty The Haitian Revolution How did partisan rivalries shape the politics of the late 1790s? Federalists and Republicans The XYZ Affair The Alien and Sedition Acts Conclusion: Why did the United States form political parties in a decade when it achieved political stability? Chapter Review 10. Republicans in Power, 1800-1828 An American Story: Tecumseh attempts to forge a pan-Indian confederacy What was the Revolution of 1800? Turbulent Times: Election and Rebellion The Jeffersonian Vision of Republican Government Dangers Overseas: The Barbary Wars How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the United States? The Louisiana Purchase The Lewis and Clark Expedition Osage and Comanche Indians What led to the War of 1812? Impressment and Embargo Tecumseh and Tippecanoe Washington City Burns: The British Offensive How did the civil status of free American women and men differ in the early Republic? Dolley Madison and Social Politics Women and the Law Women and Church Governance Female Education Why did partisan conflict increase during the administrations of Monroe and Adams? From Property to Democracy The Missouri Compromise The Monroe Doctrine The Election of 1824 The Adams Administration Conclusion: How did republican simplicity become complex? Chapter Review 11. The Expanding Republic, 1815-1840 An American Story: The Grimké sisters speak out against slavery What Economic Developments Reshaped the U.S. Economy after 1815? Improvements in Transportation Factories, Workingwomen, and Wage Labor Bankers and Lawyers Booms and Busts How did new practices of party politics shape Andrew Jackson’s election and agenda? Popular Politics and Partisan Identity The Election of 1828 and the Character Issue Jackson’s Democratic Agenda What was Andrew Jackson’s impact on the presidency? Indian Policy and the Trail of Tears The Tariff of Abominations and Nullification The Bank War and Economic Boom How did social and cultural life change in the 1830s? Separate Spheres The Second Great Awakening and Moral Reform Organizing against Slavery What political and economic events dominated Martin Van Buren’s Presidency? The Politics of Slavery Elections and Panics Conclusion: The Age of Jackson or the era of reform? Chapter Review 12. The North and West, 1840-1860 An American Story: Abraham Lincoln struggles to survive in antebellum America Why did "industrial evolution" occur? Agriculture and Land Policy Manufacturing and Mechanization Railroads: Breaking the Bonds of Nature How did the free-labor ideal explain economic inequality? The Free-Labor Ideal Economic Inequality Immigrants and the Free-Labor Ladder What spurred westward expansion? Manifest Destiny Oregon and the Overland Trail The Mormon Exodus The Mexican Borderlands Why did the United States go to war with Mexico? The Politics of Expansion The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848 Victory in Mexico Golden California What changes did social reformers seek in the 1840s and 1850s? The Pursuit of Perfection: Transcendentalists and Utopians Woman’s Rights Activists Abolitionists and the American Ideal Conclusion: How did the free labor ideal contribute to economic growth and territorial expansion of the North and West? Chapter Review 13. The Slave South, 1820-1860 An American Story: Slave Nat Turner leads a revolt to end slavery Why did the South become so different from the North? Cotton Kingdom, Slave Empire The South in Black and White The Plantation Economy What was plantation life like for slave masters and mistresses? Paternalism and Male Honor The Southern Lady and Feminine Virtues What was plantation life like for slaves? Work Family and Religion Resistance and Rebellion How did nonslaveholding southern whites work and live? Plantation-Belt Yeomen Upcountry Yeomen Poor Whites The Culture of the Plain Folk What place did free blacks occupy in the South? Precarious Freedom Achievement despite Restrictions How did slavery shape southern politics? The Democratization of the Political Arena Planter Power Conclusion: How did slavery come to define the South? Chapter Review 14. The House Divided, 1846-1861 An American Story: Abolitionist John Brown takes his war against slavery to Harpers Ferry Why did the acquisition of land from Mexico contribute to sectional tensions? The Wilmot Proviso and the Expansion of Slavery The Election of 1848 Debate and Compromise What upset the balance between slave and free states? The Fugitive Slave Act Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Kansas-Nebraska Act How did the party system change in the 1850s? The Old Parties: Whigs and Democrats The New Parties: Know-Nothings and Republicans The Election of 1856 Why did northern fear of the "Slave Power" intensify in the 1850s? "Bleeding Kansas" The Dred Scott Decision Prairie Republican: Abraham Lincoln The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Why did some southern states secede immediately after Lincoln’s election? The Aftermath of John Brown’s Raid Republican Victory in 1860 Secession Winter Conclusion: Why did political compromise fail? Chapter Review 15. The Crucible of War, 1861-1865 An American Story: Robert Smalls liberates slaves and fights for freedom Why did both the Union and the Confederacy consider control of the border states crucial? Attack on Fort Sumter The Upper South Chooses Sides Why did each side expect to win? How They Expected to Win Lincoln and Davis Mobilize How did each side fare in the early years of the war? Stalemate in the Eastern Theater Union Victories in the Western Theater The Atlantic Theater International Diplomacy How did the war for union become a fight for black freedom? From Slaves to Contraband From Contraband to Free People The War of Black Liberation What problems did the Confederacy face at home? Revolution from Above Hardship Below The Disintegration of Slavery How did the war affect the economy and politics of the North? The Government and the Economy Women and Work at Home and at War Politics and Dissent How did the Union finally win the war? Vicksburg and Gettysburg Grant Takes Command The Confederacy Collapses The War’s Bloody Toll Conclusion: In what ways was the Civil War a "Second American Revolution"? Chapter Review 16. Reconstruction, 1863-1877 An American Story: James T. Rapier emerges as Alabama’s most prominent black leader Why did Congress object to Lincoln’s wartime plan for reconstruction? "To Bind Up the Nation’s Wounds" Land and Labor The African American Quest for Autonomy How did the North respond to the passage of black codes in the southern states? Johnson’s Program of Reconciliation White Southern Resistance and Black Codes Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights How radical was congressional reconstruction? The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule Impeaching a President The Fifteenth Amendment and Women’s Demands What brought the elements of the South’s Republican coalition together? Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen Republican Rule White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers Why did Reconstruction collapse? Grant’s Troubled Presidency Northern Resolve Withers White Supremacy Triumphs An Election and a Compromise Conclusion: Was Reconstruction "a revolution but half accomplished"? Chapter Review 17. The Contested West, 1865-1900 An American Story: Frederick Jackson Turner delivers his "frontier thesis" What did U.S. expansion mean for Native Americans? Indian Removal and the Reservation System The Decimation of the Great Bison Herds The Santee Uprising and the Collapse of Comanchería Red Cloud’s War and the Fight for the Black Hills In what ways did different Indian groups defy and resist colonial rule? Indian Schools and the War on Indian Culture The Dawes Act and Indian Land Allotment Indian Resistance and Survival How did mining shape American expansion? Life on the Comstock Lode The Diverse Peoples of the West How did the fight for land and resources in the West unfold? Moving West: Homesteaders and Speculators Tenants, Sharecroppers, and Migrants Commercial Farming and Industrial Cowboys Territorial Government Conclusion: How did the West set the tone for the Gilded Age? Chapter Review 18. The Gilded Age, 1865-1900 An American Story: The Big Four build the transcontinental railroad How did the railroads stimulate big business? Railroads: America’s First Big Business Andrew Carnegie, Steel, and Vertical Integration John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil, and the Trust New Inventions: The Telephone and the Telegraph Why did the ideas of social Darwinism appeal to many Americans in the late nineteenth century? J. P. Morgan and Finance Capitalism Social Darwinism, Laissez-Faire, and the Supreme Court What factors influenced political life in the late nineteenth century? Political Participation and Party Loyalty Sectionalism and the New South Gender, Race, and Politics Women’s Activism What issues shaped party politics in the late nineteenth century? Corruption and Party Strife Garfield’s Assassination and Civil Service Reform Reform and Scandal: The Campaign of 1884 Henry George and the Politics of Inequality What role did economic issues play in party realignment? The Tariff and the Politics of Protection Railroads, Trusts, and the Federal Government The Fight for Free Silver Panic and Depression Conclusion: Why did business dominate the Gilded Age? Chapter Review 19. The City and Its Workers, 1870-1900 An American Story: Workers build the Brooklyn Bridge Why did American cities experience explosive growth in the late nineteenth century? The Urban Explosion: A Global Migration Racism and the Cry for Immigration Restriction The Social Geography of the City What kinds of work did people do in industrial America? America’s Diverse Workers The Family Economy: Women and Children White-Collar Workers: Managers, "Typewriters," and Salesclerks Why did the fortunes of the Knights of Labor rise in the late 1870s and decline in the 1890s? The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor Haymarket and the Specter of Labor Radicalism How did urban industrialism shape home life and the world of leisure? Domesticity and "Domestics" Cheap Amusements How did municipal governments respond to the challenges of urban expansion? Building Cities of Stone and Steel City Government and the "Bosses" New York and the Consolidation of the Capitalist Class White City or City of Sin? Conclusion: Who built the cities? Chapter Review 20. Dissent, Depression, and War, 1890-1900 An American Story: Frances Willard helps create the Populist Party Why did American farmers organize alliances in the late nineteenth century? The Farmers’ Alliance The Populist Movement What led to the labor wars of the 1890s? The Homestead Lockout The Cripple Creek Miners’ Strike of 1894 Eugene V. Debs and the Pullman Strike How were women involved in late-nineteenth-century politics? Frances Willard and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the Movement for Woman Suffrage How did economic problems affect American politics in the 1890s? Coxey’s Army The People’s Party and the Election of 1896 Why did the United States largely abandon its isolationist foreign policy in the 1890s? Markets and Missionaries The Monroe Doctrine and the Open Door Policy "A Splendid Little War" The Debate over American Imperialism Conclusion: What was the connection between domestic strife and foreign policy? Chapter Review 21. Progressive Reform, 1890-1916 An American Story: Jane Addams founds Hull House How did grassroots progressives attack the problems of industrial America? Civilizing the City Progressives and the Working Class What were the key tenets of progressive theory? Reform Darwinism and Social Engineering Progressive Government: City and State How did Theodore Roosevelt advance the progressive agenda? The Square Deal Roosevelt the Reformer Roosevelt and Conservation The Big Stick The Troubled Presidency of William Howard Taft How did progressivism evolve during Woodrow Wilson’s first term? Progressive Insurgency and the Election of 1912 Wilson’s Reforms: Tariff, Banking, and the Trusts Wilson, Reluctant Progressive What were the limits of progressive reform? Radical Alternatives Progressivism for White Men Only Conclusion: How did the Progressive Era give rise to the liberal state? Chapter Review 22. World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 1914-1920 An American Story: George Browne sees combat on the front lines in France What was Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy agenda? Taming the Americas The European Crisis The Ordeal of American Neutrality The United States Enters the War What role did the United States play in World War I? The Call to Arms The War in France What impact did the war have on the home front? The Progressive Stake in the War Women, War, and the Battle for Suffrage Rally around the Flag—or Else What part did Woodrow Wilson play at the Paris peace conference? Wilson’s Fourteen Points The Paris Peace Conference The Fight for the Treaty Why was America’s transition from war to peace so turbulent? Economic Hardship and Labor Upheaval The Red Scare The Great Migrations of African Americans and Mexicans Postwar Politics and the Election of 1920 Conclusion: Victory, but at what cost? Chapter Review 23. From New Era to Great Depression, 1920-1932 An American Story: Henry Ford puts America on wheels How did big business shape the "New Era" of the 1920s? A Business Government Promoting Prosperity and Peace Abroad Automobiles, Mass Production, and Assembly-Line Progress Consumer Culture In what ways did the Roaring Twenties challenge traditional values? Prohibition The New Woman The New Negro Entertaining the Masses The Lost Generation Why did the relationship between urban and rural America deteriorate in the 1920s? Rejecting the Undesirables The Rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan The Scopes Trial Al Smith and the Election of 1928 How did President Hoover respond to the economic crash of 1929? Herbert Hoover: The Great Engineer The Distorted Economy The Crash of 1929 Hoover and the Limits of Individualism What impact did the economic depression have on everyday life? The Human Toll Denial and Escape Working-Class Militancy Conclusion: Why did the hope of the 1920s turn to despair? Chapter Review 24. The New Deal Experiment, 1932-1939 An American Story: Florence Owens struggles to survive in the Great Depression Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president in 1932? The Making of a Politician The Election of 1932 What were the goals and achievements of the first New Deal? The New Dealers Banking and Finance Reform Relief and Conservation Programs Agricultural Initiatives Industrial Recovery Who opposed the New Deal? Resistance to Business Reform Casualties in the Countryside Politics on the Fringes Why did the New Deal begin to create a welfare state? Relief for the Unemployed Empowering Labor Social Security and Tax Reform Neglected Americans and the New Deal What did the New Deal lose support during Roosevelt’s second term as president? The Election of 1936 Court Packing Reaction and Recession The Last of the New Deal Reforms Conclusion: What were the achievements and limitations of the New Deal? Chapter Review 25. The United States and the Second World War, 1939-1945 An American Story: Colonel Paul Tibbets drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima How did isolationism shape American foreign policy in the 1930s? Roosevelt and Reluctant Isolation The Good Neighbor Policy The Price of Isolation How did war in Europe and Asia influence U.S. foreign policy? Nazi Aggression and War in Europe From Neutrality to the Arsenal of Democracy Japan Attacks America How did the United States mobilize for war? Home-Front Security Building a Citizen Army Conversion to a War Economy How did the Allies reverse Axis advances in Europe and the Pacific? Turning the Tide in the Pacific The Campaign in Europe How did war change the American home front? Women and Families, Guns and Butter The Double V Campaign Wartime Politics and the 1944 Election Reaction to the Holocaust How did the Allies win the war? From Bombing Raids to Berlin The Defeat of Japan Atomic Warfare Conclusion: Why did the United States emerge as a superpower at the end of the war? Chapter Review 26. The New World of the Cold War, 1945–1960 An American Story: Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas becomes a loyal Truman ally How did the Cold War begin? U.S.-Soviet Tensions Emerge The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan Building a National Security State In what ways did anti-Communism drive policy at home and abroad? Superpower Rivalry around the Globe The Domestic Chill: McCarthyism Why did the U.S. go to war in Korea? Military Implementation of Containment From Containment to Rollback to Containment Korea’s Political Fallout An Armistice and the War’s Costs How did Truman’s and Eisenhower’s approaches to the superpower struggle differ? The "New Look" in Foreign Policy Applying Containment to Vietnam Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East The Nuclear Arms Race Conclusion: What were the costs and consequences of the Cold War? Chapter Review 27. Postwar Culture and Politics, 1945-1960 An American Story: Vice President Richard Nixon debates Russian premier Nikita Khrushchev What were the prospects for domestic reform in the Truman years? Reconverting to a Peacetime Economy The Fair Deal Falters Race and Rights in the 1940s To what extent did Eisenhower dismantle the New Deal? A Republican "Middle Way" A Shifting Indian Policy What fueled the prosperity of the 1950s? Technology Transforms Agriculture and Industry Suburban Migrations The Rise of the Sun Belt The Democratization of Higher Education How did economic growth affect American society, politics, and culture? A Consumer Culture The Revival of Domesticity and Religion Television Transforms Culture and Politics Countercurrents What mobilized African Americans to fight for civil rights in the 1950s? African Americans Challenge the Supreme Court and the President Montgomery and Mass Protest Conclusion: What unmet challenges did peace and prosperity mask? Chapter Review 28. Rights, Rebellion, and Reaction, 1960-1974 An American Story: Pauli Murray breaks barriers to fight for civil rights What were the achievements of JFK’s New Frontier and LBJ’s Great Society? Kennedy and a New Frontier in the 1960s Johnson and the War on Poverty Liberalism at High Tide Legacies of the Great Society The Judicial Revolution How did the black freedom movement evolve? The Flowering of Civil Rights The Response in Washington Black Power and Urban Rebellions What other social movements emerged in the 1960s? Native American Protest Latino Struggles for Justice Youth Rebellions, the New Left, and the Counterculture Gay Men and Lesbians Organize Environmental Activists Mobilize What were the goals of the new wave of feminism? A Multifaceted Movement Emerges Feminist Gains Spark a Countermovement Why and where did the conservative movement gain ground? A Grassroots Right Nixon and the Election of 1968 Conclusion: What were the lasting effects of sixties-era reform? Chapter Review 29. Confronting Limits, 1961-1979 An American Story: Lieutenant Frederick Downs Jr returns home wounded to a divided country What led to the United States’ deepening involvement in Vietnam? Anti-Communism in the Kennedy Years A Growing War in Southeast Asia An All-Out Commitment in Vietnam Those Who Served How did a war abroad provoke a war at home? The Antiwar Movement The Tet Offensive and Steps Toward Peace The Tumultuous Election of 1968 How did U.S. foreign policy change under Nixon? Détente with the Soviet Union and China U.S. Interventions around the World Nixon’s War in Vietnam Peace Accords The Legacy of Defeat What accounted for the growth of conservatism in the 1970s? The End of the Boom Nixon Courts the Right The Election of 1972 The Watergate Scandal The Ford Presidency and the 1976 Election What challenges did the Carter Administration face? A Retreat from Liberalism Energy and Environmental Reform Promoting Human Rights Abroad New Foreign Crises Conclusion: How did the constraints of the 1970s reshape U.S. policy and politics? Chapter Review 30. Divisions At Home and Abroad in a Conservative Era, 1980-2000 An American Story: Phyllis Schlafly promotes conservatism What conservative goals were realized during Reagan’s presidency? Appealing to the New Right and Beyond Unleashing Free Enterprise Winners and Losers in a Flourishing Economy What strategies did liberals use to fight the rightward turn? Battles in the Courts and Congress Feminism on the Defensive The Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement Why did the Cold War intensify and how did it end? Militarization and Interventions Abroad The Iran-Contra Scandal Soviet-American Relations Transformed A "New World Order" War in Central America and the Persian Gulf What led to increased political polarization in the 1990s? Gridlock in Government The 1992 Election Clinton’s Reforms Accommodating the Right Impeaching the President How did Clinton respond to the challenges of globalization? The Booming Economy of the 1990s Debates over Free Trade Defining America’s Place in a New World Order Conclusion: What were the legacies of the "Reagan Revolution"? Chapter Review 31. America in a New Century, Since 2000 An American Story: Jose Antonio Vargas faces anti-immigrant sentimentsin the U.S. How did George W. Bush alter the focus of U.S. foreign and domestic policy? The Disputed Election of 2000 The 9/11 Attacks Security and Civil Liberties Unilateralism and the "War on Terror" Domestic Achievements—and Disasters What were the strengths and weaknesses of the American economy? Globalized Labor and Production Immigration and its Discontents The New Economy and the Old What obstacles stood in the way of Obama’s reform agenda? A Post-Racial America? Governing with Resistance Multilateralism in Foreign Policy How did new social movements change politics? Progressives Mobilize Civil Rights and Black Lives Social Media and Activism What was the significance of the 2016 election? Platforms, Polls, and Protests Right-wing Populism on the Rise A Retreat from U.S. Global Leadership Conclusion: In a deeply polarized America, was there any common ground? Chapter Review APPENDICES I. Documents The Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States Amendments to the Constitution with Annotations (including the six unratified amendments) Glossary Index About the Authors