Human Evolution Source Book

For Junior, Senior, and Graduate courses in Human Evolution taught in anthropology and biology departments. This book is the most comprehensive collection of cutting edge articles on human evolution. Designed for use by students in anthropology, paleontology, and evolutionary biology, this edited volume brings together the major ideas and publications on human evolution of the past three decades. The book spans the entire scope of human evolution with particular emphasis on the fossil record, including archaeological studies.

Table of Contents:
Part I Geological Background to Human Evolution 1 1 Stratigraphy Explained 3 F. H. Brown and J. A. Van Couvering 2 Cyclostratigraphy 6 J. A. Van Couvering 3 Geochronometry: Measurement of Geologic Time 12 F. H. Brown 4 Radiocarbon Dating 14 H. P. Schwarcz 5 Potassium-Argon Dating 16 F. H. Brown 6 Electron Spin Resonance Dating, Fission-Track Dating, Thermoluminescence Dating, and Uranium-Series Dating 19 H. P. Schwarcz 7 Paleomagnetism and Human Evolution 24 F. H. Brown 8 Taphonomy in Human Evolution 27 A. Hill Part II The Earliest Hominids: Biomolecular and Morphological Evidence 31 9 African Apes as Time Machines 33 R. Wrangham and D. Pilbeam 10 Molecular Anthropology and the Molecular Clock 38 J. Marks 11 Human and Ape Molecular Clocks and Constraints on Paleontological Hypotheses 41 R. L. Stauffer, A. Walker, O. A. Ryder, M. Lyons-Weiler, and S. Blair Hedges 12 Ardipithecusramidus, a Root Species for Australopithecus 48 T. White, B. Asfaw, and G. Suwa 13 First Hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya) 53 B. Senut, M. Pickford, D. Gommery, P. Mein, K. Cheboi, and Y. Coppens 14 Late Miocene Hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia 58 Y. Haile-Selassie 15 A New Hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa M. Brunet, F. Guy, D. Pilbeam, H. Taisso Mackaye, A. Likius, D. Ahounta, A. Beauvilain, C. Blondel, H. Bocherens, J.-R. Boisserie, L. De Bonis, Y. Coppens, J. Dejax, C. Denys, P. Duringer, V. Eisenmann, G. Fanone, P. Fronty, D. Geraads, T. Lehmann, F. Lihoreau, A. Louchart, A. Mahamat, G. Merceron, G. Mouchelin, O. Otero, P. Pelaez Campomanes, M. Ponce de Leon, J.-C. Rage, M. Sapanet, M. Schuster, J. Sudre, P. Tassy, X. Valentin, P. Vignaud, L. Viriot, A. Zazzo, and C. Zollikofer Part III Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Relatives 73 16 The Australopithecines in Review 76 L. C. Aiello and P. Andrews 17 The New Hominid Species Australopithecus anamensis 90 C. Ward, M. Leakey, and A. Walker 18 New Hominin Genus from Eastern Africa Shows Diverse Middle Pliocene Lineages 98 M. G. Leakey, F. Spoor, F. H. Brown, P. Gathogo, C. Kiarie, L. N. Leakey, and I. McDougall 19 Tempo and Mode in Human Evolution 108 H. M. McHenry 20 Inferring Hominoid and Early Hominid Phylogeny Using Craniodental Characters: The Role of Fossil Taxa 115 D. S. Strait and F. E. Grine 21 Evolution of Human Walking 149 C. O. Lovejoy 22 Climbing to the Top: A Personal Memoir of Australopithecus afarensis 157 J. T. Stern, Jr. 23 Early Hominid Brain Evolution: A New Look at Old Endocasts 176 D. Falk, J. C. Redmond, Jr., J. Guyer, G. C. Conroy, W. Recheis, G. W. Weber, and H. Seidler 24 Diet and the Evolution of the Earliest Human Ancestors 189 M. F. Teaford and P. S. Ungar 25 Early Hominid Evolution and Ecological Change through the African Plio-Pleistocene 197 K. E. Reed Part IV Origin of the Genus Homo and Early Evolution in Africa 219 26 The History of the Genus Homo 222 B. A. Wood 27 Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan Tools from the Hadar Formation (Kada Hadar Member), Ethiopia 228 W. H. Kimbel, R. C. Walter, D. C. Johanson, K. E. Reed, J. L. Aronson, Z. Assefa, C. W. Marean, G. G. Eck, R. Bobe, E. Hovers, Y. Rak, C. Vondra, T. Yemane, D. York, Y. Chen, N. M. Evensen, and P. E. Smith 28 Late Pliocene Homo and Hominid Land Use from Western Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania 235 R. J. Blumenschine, C. R. Peters, F. T. Masao, R. J. Clarke, A. L. Deino, R. L. Hay, C. C. Swisher, I. G. Stanistreet, G. M. Ashley, L. J. McHenry, N. E. Sikes, N. J. van der Merwe, J. C. Tactikos, A. E. Cushing, D. M. Deocampo, J. K. Njau, and J. I. Ebert 29 Australopithecus garhi: A New Species of Early Hominid from Ethiopia 243 B. Asfaw, T. White, O. Lovejoy, B. Latimer, S. Simpson, and G. Suwa 30 Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids 251 J. de Heinzelin, J. D. Clark, T. White, W. Hart, P. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel, Y. Beyene, and E. Vrba 31 The World’s Oldest Stone Artefacts from Gona, Ethiopia: Their Implications for Understanding Stone Technology and Patterns of Human Evolution between 2.6-1.5 Million Years Ago 256 S. Semaw 32 Perspectives on the Nariokotome Discovery 271 A. Walker 33 Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia 285 B. Asfaw, W. H. Gilbert, Y. Beyene, W. K. Hart, P. R. Renne, G. WoldeGabriel, E. S. Vrba, and T. D. White Part V Evolution and Dispersal of Homo erectus 293 34 The African Emergence and Early Asian Dispersals of the Genus Homo 293 R. Larick and R. L. Ciochon 35 Dmanisi and Dispersal 310 L. Gabunia, S. C. Antón, D. Lordkipanidze, A. Vekua, A. Justus, and C. Swisher III 36 A New Skull of Early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia 321 A. Vekua, D. Lordkipanidze, G. P. Rightmire, J. Agusti, R. Ferring, G. Maisuradze, A. Mouskhelishvili, M. Nioradze, M. Ponce de Leon, M. Tappen, M. Tvalchrelidze, and C. Zollikofer 37 Venta Micena, Barranco León-5 and Fuentenueva-3: Three Archaeological Sites in the Early Pleistocene Deposits of Orce, South-East Spain 327 J. Gibert, L. Gibert, C. Ferràndez-Canyadell, A. Iglesias, and F. González 38 New Evidence on the Earliest Human Presence at High Northern Latitudes in Northeast Asia 336 R. X. Zhu, R. Potts, F. Xle, K. A. Hoffman, C. L. Deng, C. D. Shi, Y. X. Pan, H. Q. Wang, R. P. Shi, Y. C. Wang, G. H. Shi, and N. Q. Wu 39 Mid-Pleistocene Acheulean-Like Stone Technology of the Bose Basin, South China 340 Y. Hou, R. Potts, B. Yuan, Z. Guo, A. Deino, W. Wang, J. Clark, G. Xie, and W. Huang 40 Evidence for the Use of Fire at Zhoukoudian, China 345 S. Weiner, Q. Xu, P. Goldberg, J. Liu, and O. Bar-Yosef 41 Homo erectus and the Emergence of Sunda in the Tethys Realm: Contributions of Potassium- Based Chronology in the Sangiran Dome, Central Java 348 R. Larick, R. L. Ciochon, and Y. Zaim 42 Homo erectus Calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java 357 H. Baba, F. Aziz, Y. Kaifu, G. Suwa, R. T. Kono, and T. Jacob 43 Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential Contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia 363 C. C. Swisher III, W. J. Rink, S. C. Anton, H. P. Schwarcz, G. H. Curtis, A. Suprijo, and Widiasmoro 44 A New Small-Bodied Hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia 368 P. Brown, T. Sutikna, M. J. Morwood, R. P. Soejono, Jatmiko, E. Wayhu Saptomo, and Rokus Awe Due 45 Grandmothering and the Evolution of Homo erectus 376 J. F. O’Connell, K. Hawkes, and N. G. Blurton Jones Part VI Middle Pleistocene Hominids in Africa, Europe, and Asia 393 46 Human Evolution in the Middle Pleistocene: The Role of Homo heidelbergensis 396 G. P. Rightmire 47. The Atapuerca Sites and Their Contributions to the Knowledge of Human Evolution in Europe 405 J. M. Bermúdez de Castro, M. Martinón-Torres, E. Carbonell, S. Sarmiento, A. Rosas, J. van der Made, and M. Lozano 48 A Cranium for the Earliest Europeans: Phylogenetic Position of the Hominid from Ceprano, Italy 421 G. Manzi, F. Mallegni, and A. Ascenzi 49 The KNM-ER 3884 Hominid and the Emergence of Modern Anatomy in Africa 428 G. Bräuer 50 Dali, a Skull of Archaic Homo sapiens from China 432 X. Wu and F. E. Poirier 51 Body Mass and Encephalization in Pleistocene Homo435 C. B. Ruff, E. Trinkaus, and T. W. Holliday 52 Lower Palaeolithic Hunting Weapons from Schöningen, Germany–The Oldest Spears in the World 440 H. Thieme Part VII The Neandertals 447 53 Climatic Changes, Paleogeography, and the Evolution of the Neandertals J.-J. Hublin 54 The Accretion Model of Neandertal Evolution J. D. Hawks and M. H. Wolpoff 55 Neandertal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans M. Krings, A. Stone, R. W. Schmitz, H. Krainitzki, M. Stoneking, and S. Pääbo 56 Cold Adaptation, Heterochrony, and Neandertals S. E. Churchill 57 Neandertal Cranial Ontogeny and Its Implications for Late Hominid Diversity M. S. Ponce de León and C. P. E. Zollikofer 58 Neandertal Cannibalism at Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France A. Defleur, T. White, P. Valensi, L. Slimak, and É. Crégut-Bonnoure Part VIII Origin of Modern Humans 59 Modern Human Origins: Progress and Prospects C. B. Stringer 60 A Reconsideration of the Omo-Kibish Remains and the erectus-sapiens Transition M. H. Day and C. B. Stringer 61 Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia T. D. White, B. Asfaw, D. DeGusta, H. Gilbert, G. D. Richards, G. Suwa, and F. C. Howell 62 Multiple Dispersals and Modern Human Origins M. M. Lahr and R. Foley 63 Models, Predictions, and the Fossil Record of Modern Human Origins J. H. Relethford 64 Fully Modern Humans R. G. Klein 65 The Big Deal about Blades: Laminar Technologies and Human Evolution O. Bar-Yosef and S. L. Kuhn 66 A Middle Stone Age Worked Bone Industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire J. E. Yellen, A. S. Brooks, E. Cornelissen, M. J. Mehlman, and K. Stewart 67 Emergence of Modern Human Behavior: Middle Stone Age Engravings from South Africa C. S. Henshilwood, F. d’Errico, R. Yates, Z. Jacobs, C. Tribolo, G. A. T. Duller, N. Mercier, J. C. Sealy, H. Valladas, I. Watts, and A. G. Wintle Part IX Evolution of Homo sapiens 68 Multiregional, Not Multiple Origins M. H. Wolpoff, J. Hawks, and R. Caspari 69 Modern Human Ancestry at the Peripheries: A Test of the Replacement Theory M. H. Wolpoff, J. Hawks, D. W. Frayer, and K. Hunley 70 Origins of Modern Humans Still Look Recent T. R. Disotell 71 Out of Africa Again and Again A. R. Templeton 72 Genetics and the Making of Homo sapiens S. B. Carroll 73 Human Colonization of the Americas: Timing, Technology and Process E. J. Dixon 74 Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective A. R. Templeton 75 On Stony Ground: Lithic Technology, Human Evolution and the Emergence of Culture R. Foley and M. M. Lahr