Laboratory Studies in Integrated Principles of Zoology

This lab manual is designed to be used with the main text 'Integrated Principles of Zoology' by Hickman

Table of Contents:
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE LIVING ANIMAL EXERCISE 1 The Microscope 3 Exercise 1A: Compound Light Microscope 3 Exercise 1B: Stereoscopic DissectingMicroscope 8 Exercise 1C: Electron Microscope 9 EXERCISE2 Cell Structure and Division 13 Exercise 2A: The Cell—Unit of ProtoplasmicOrganization 13 Exercise 2B: Cell Division—Mitosis andCytokinesis 16 EXERCISE3 Gametogenesis and Embryology 25 Exercise 3A: Meiosis—Maturation Division ofGerm Cells 25 Exercise 3B: Cleavage Patterns—Spiral and RadialCleavage 36 Exercise 3C: Frog Development 44 EXERCISE4 Tissue Structure and Function 47 Exercise 4: Tissues Combined into Organs 54 PARTTWO THEDIVERSITY OF ANIMAL LIFE EXERCISE5 Ecological Relationships of Animals 63 Exercise 5A: A Study ofPopulation Growth, with Application of the Scientific Method 63 Exercise 5B: Ecology ofa Freshwater Habitat 67 EXERCISE6 Introduction to Animal Taxonomy 77 Exercise 6A: PhylogenyReconstruction—How to Make a Cladogram 78 Exercise 6B: Use of aTaxonomic Key for Organism Identification 83 EXERCISE7 Unicellular Eukaryotes 89 Exercise 7A: PhylumAmoebozoa—Amoeba and Others 89 Exercise 7B: PhylaEuglenozoa and Viridiplantae—Euglena, Volvox, and Trypanosoma 97 Exercise 7C: PhylumApicomplexa—Plasmodium and Gregarina 106 Exercise 7D: PhylumCiliophora—Paramecium and Other Ciliates 109 Experimenting inZoology: Effect of Temperature on the Locomotor Activity of Stentor 115 Experimenting inZoology: Genetic Polymorphism in Tetrahymena 117 EXERCISE8 The Sponges 121 Exercise 8: Class Calcispongiae—Sycon 121 EXERCISE9 The Radiate Animals 131 Exercise 9A: Class Hydrozoa— Hydra, Obelia, and Gonionemus132 Exercise 9B: Class Scyphozoa—Aurelia, a “True” Jellyfish138 Exercise 9C: Class Anthozoa— Metridium, a Sea Anemone,and Astrangia, a Stony Coral 140 Experimenting in Zoology: Predator Functional Response: FeedingRate in Hydra 147 EXERCISE10 The Flatworms 149 Exercise 10A: Class Turbellaria— Planarians 150 Exercise 10B: Class Trematoda— Digenetic Flukes 153 Exercise 10C: Class Cestoda— Tapeworms 158 Experimenting in Zoology: Planaria Regeneration Experiment 167 EXERCISE11 Nematodes and Four Small Protostome Phyla 171 Exercise 11A: Phylum Nematoda —Ascaris and Others 172 Exercise 11B: A Brief Look at Some Other Protostomes 179 EXERCISE12 The Molluscs 183 Exercise 12A: Class Bivalvia = Pelecypoda)—Freshwater Clam 184 Exercise 12B: Class Gastropoda—Pulmonate Land Snail 191 Exercise 12C: Class Polyplacophora— Chitons 194 Exercise 12D: Class Cephalopoda—Loligo, theSquid 195   EXERCISE 13 The Annelids 201 Exercise 13A: Class Errantia— Clamworm 202 Exercise 13B: Class Sedentaria Earthworm 204 Exercise 13C: Family Hirudinidae— Leech 215 Experimenting in Zoology: Behavior of Medicinal Leeches, Hirudomedicinalis 217 EXERCISE14 The Chelicerate Arthropods 219 Exercise 14: Chelicerate Arthropods—Horseshoe Crab and Garden Spider 220 EXERCISE15 The Crustacean Arthropods 227 Exercise 15A: Subphylum Crustacea— Crayfish,Lobsters, and Other Crustaceans 227 Experimenting in Zoology: The PhototacticBehavior of Daphnia 239 EXERCISE16 The Arthropods 241 Exercise 16A: Myriapods—Centipedes andMillipedes 241 Exercise 16B: Insects—Grasshopper andHoneybee 243 Exercise 16C: Insects—House Cricket 251 Exercise 16D: Metamorphosis of Drosophila254  Exercise 16E: Collectionand Classification of Insects 255   EXERCISE 17 The Echinoderms 265 Exercise 17A: Class Asteroidea—Sea Stars 266 Exercise 17B: Class Ophiuroidea—Brittle Stars 270 Exercise 17C: Class Echinoidea—Sea Urchins 273 Exercise 17D: Class Holothuroidea—Sea Cucumbers 275 Exercise 17E: Class Crinoidea—Feather Stars and Sea Lilies 278 EXERCISE18 Phylum Chordata: A Deuterostome Group 281 Exercise 18A: Subphylum Urochordata— Ciona, an Ascidian283 Exercise 18B: Subphylum Cephalochordata—Amphioxus 285 EXERCISE19 The Fishes—Lampreys, Sharks, and Bony Fishes 291 Exercise 19A: Class Petromyzontida— Lampreys (Ammocoete Larvaand Adult) 291 Exercise 19B: Class Chondrichthyes— Cartilaginous Fishes 296 Exercise 19C: Class Actinopterygii—Bony Fishes 301 Experimenting in Zoology: Agonistic Behavior in Paradise Fish, Macropodusopercularis 307  Experimenting in Zoology: Analysis of the Multiple Hemoglobin System in Carassiusauratus, Common Goldfish 309   EXERCISE 20 The Amphibians: Frogs 313 Exercise 20A: Behavior and Adaptations 314 Exercise 20B: Skeleton 318

About the Author :
Cleve Hickman is Professor Emeritus at Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.  He received his Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of British Columbia, did research in animal physiology for eight years, and taught zoology for over 30 years. He's made over 20 trips to the Galapagos Islands for research and as an instructor for student field trips    Larry Roberts is currently teaching parasitology and marine biology at the University of Miami.  He received his Ph.D. in Parasitology from Johns Hopkins University and is a coauthor of Foundations of Parasitology, 5/e.  Past teaching affiliations include University of Massachusetts, Texas Tech University, and Florida International University.  Dr. Roberts has authored numerous research articles and a title of related interest: Underwater World of Sport Diving.   Allan Larson is an Associate Professor at Washington University, St. Louis, MO.  He received his Ph.D. in Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley.  His fields of specialization include Evolutionary Biology, Molecular Population Genetics and Systematics, and Amphibian Systematics.  He's taught courses in general biology, evolution, and population biology.