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Home > Society and Social Sciences > Psychology > Quality of Nutrient Data from Streams and Ground Water Sampled During Water Years 1992-2001: Usgs Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5106
Quality of Nutrient Data from Streams and Ground Water Sampled During Water Years 1992-2001: Usgs Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5106

Quality of Nutrient Data from Streams and Ground Water Sampled During Water Years 1992-2001: Usgs Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5106


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About the Book

Proper interpretation of water-quality data requires consideration of the effects that bias and variability might have on measured constituent concentrations. In this report, methods are described to estimate the bias due to contamination of samples in the field or laboratory and the variability due to sample collection, processing, shipment, and analysis. Contamination can adversely affect interpretation of measured concentrations in comparison to standards or criteria. Variability can affect interpretation of small differences between individual measurements or mean concentrations. Contamination and variability are determined for nutrient data from quality-control samples (field blanks and replicates) collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program during water years 1992-2001. Statistical methods are used to estimate the likelihood of contamination and variability in all samples. Results are presented for five nutrient analytes from stream samples and four nutrient analytes from ground-water samples. Ammonia contamination can add at least 0.04 milligram per liter in up to 5 percent of all samples. This could account for more than 22 percent of measured concentrations at the low range of aquatic-life criteria (0.18 milligram per liter). Orthophosphate contamination, at least 0.019 milligram per liter in up to 5 percent of all samples, could account for more than 38 percent of measured concentrations at the limit to avoid eutrophication (0.05 milligram per liter). Nitrite-plus-nitrate and Kjeldahl nitrogen contamination is less than 0.4 milligram per liter in 99 percent of all samples; thus there is no significant effect on measured concentrations of environmental significance. Sampling variability has little or no effect on reported concentrations of ammonia, nitrite-plus-nitrate, orthophosphate, or total phosphorus sampled after 1998. The potential errors due to sampling variability are greater for the Kjeldahl nitrogen analytes and for total phosphorus sampled before 1999.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781244062504
  • Publisher: Proquest, Umi Dissertation Publishing
  • Publisher Imprint: Proquest, Umi Dissertation Publishing
  • Height: 246 mm
  • Sub Title: Usgs Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5106
  • Width: 189 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1244062502
  • Publisher Date: 11 Sep 2011
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Spine Width: 2 mm
  • Weight: 82 gr


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Quality of Nutrient Data from Streams and Ground Water Sampled During Water Years 1992-2001: Usgs Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5106
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