Climate Change Mitigation: Forests, Taiga, Carbon Sink, Woodland, Cloud Forest, Understory, Temperate Rainforest, Old-Growth Forest

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 38. Chapters: Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies, Avoiding dangerous climate change, Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, Cap and Share, CarbonFix Standard, Carbon neutral fuel, Clean coal, Clean coal technology, Clean Development Mechanism, Climate Adaptation Knowledge Exchange, Climate change mitigation scenarios, Climit, Criegee biradical, EarthLab, Fossil-fuel phase-out, Greenhouse gas remediation, Low-carbon emission, Mootral, Negative carbon dioxide emission, Seawater greenhouse, Space mirror (geoengineering), Sustainable retreat, Sydney Declaration. Excerpt: Climate change mitigation are actions to limit the magnitude and/or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. By contrast, adaptation to global warming are actions taken to manage the eventual (or unavoidable) impacts of global warming, e.g., by building dikes in response to sea level rise. Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency can also play a major role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is geoengineering. Most geoengineering techniques can be organized into two categories. The first category is called solar radiation management, which involves either reducing incoming sunlight, or increasing the reflectivity (albedo) of the Earth's surface to sunlight. The second category is called carbon dioxide removal, which involves reducing the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, e.g., by increasing the capacity of the oceans to absorb carbon from the atmosphere. Scientific understanding of geoengineering is limited, and there is the risk of unknown side-effects. The main international treaty on climate change is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 C (3.6 F) relative to the pre-industrial level. Analysis suggests that meeting the 2 C target would require annual global emissions of greenhouse gases to peak before the year 2020, and decline significantly thereafter, with emissions in 2050 reduced by 30-50% compared to 1990 levels. Analyses by the United Nations Enviro