About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 104. Chapters: AlpHouse, Alternative natural materials, Autonomous building, Banasura Hill Resort, Blue roof, Catherine gardens, Cement-bonded wood fiber, Copper in architecture, Creative Energy Homes, Deconstruction (building), Displacement ventilation, Ecoscaping, Enviroboard, Executive Order 13514, Graphisoft EcoDesigner, Green building, Green building on college campuses, Green Legislative Assembly, Green roof, Groundscraper, Hanging garden (cultivation), Institute of Asian Research, Interior architecture, Jana Revedin, Low-energy house, Natural building, Passive house, Passivhaus-Institut, Power tower (Linz), Reclaimed lumber, Renewable heat, Responsive architecture, Self Sustaining Family Habitations, Solar Decathlon Europe, Subtropical climate vegetated roof, Sustainable design standards, Sustainable development, Sustainable habitat, Sustainable landscape architecture, Sustainable refurbishment, Sustainable urban neighbourhood, Wales Institute for Sustainable Education, ZED Habitats, Zero-energy building, Zero carbon housing. Excerpt: Copper has earned a respected place in the related fields of architecture, building construction, and interior design. From cathedrals to castles and from homes to offices, copper is used for a variety of architectural elements, including roofs, flashings, gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, wall cladding, and building expansion joints. The history of copper in architecture can be linked to its durability, corrosion resistance, prestigious appearance, and ability to form complex shapes. For centuries, craftsmen and designers utilized these attributes to build aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting building systems. For the past quarter century, copper has been designed into a much wider range of buildings, incorporating new styles, varieties of colors, and different shapes and textures. Copper clad walls are a modern design element in both indoor and outdoor environments. Some of the world's most distinguished modern architects have relied on copper. Examples include Frank Lloyd Wright, who specified copper materials in all of his building projects; Michael Graves, an AIA Gold Medalist who designed over 350 buildings worldwide; Renzo Piano, who designed pre-patinated clad copper for the NEMO-Metropolis Museum of Science in Amsterdam; Malcolm Holzman, whose patinated copper shingles at the WCCO Television Communications Center made the facility an architectural standout in Minneaoplis; and Marianne Dahlback and Goran Mansson, who designed the Vasa Museum, a prominent feature of Stockholm's skyline, with 12,000-square meters copper cladding. Architect Frank O. Gehry's enormous copper fish sculpture atop the Vila Olimpica in Barcelona is an example of the artistic use of copper. Copper's most famous trait is its display from a bright metallic color to iridescent brown to near black and finally to a greenish verdigris patina. Architects describe the array of browns as russet, chocolate, plum, mahogany, and ebony. The metal's distinctive green patina has long be
