Punitive Expeditions of the United States: Battle of Boca Teacapan, Battle of the Pearl River Forts, Burning of Colon, Capture of Monterey, Egyptian E

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 29. Chapters: Battle of Boca Teacapan, Battle of the Pearl River Forts, Burning of Colon, Capture of Monterey, Egyptian Expedition (1882), Falklands Expedition, First Battle of Vailele, First Fiji Expedition, First Sumatran expedition, Formosa Expedition, Ivory Coast Expedition, Nuku Hiva Campaign, Pancho Villa Expedition, Paraguay expedition, Second Fiji Expedition, Second Sumatran expedition, Shimonoseki Campaign, United States expedition to Korea. Excerpt: The Pancho Villa Expedition officially known in the United States as the Mexican Expedition and sometimes colloquially referred to as the Punitive Expedition was a military operation conducted by the United States Army against the paramilitary forces of Mexican revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa from 1916 to 1917 during the Mexican Revolution. The expedition was launched in retaliation for Villa's attack on the town of Columbus, New Mexico, and was the most remembered event of the Border War. The expeditions had one objective: to capture Villa dead or alive and put a stop to any future forays by his paramilitary forces on American soil. The official beginning and ending dates of the Mexican Expedition are March 14, 1916, and February 7, 1917. Trouble between the United States and Pancho Villa had been growing since 1915, when the United States government disappointed Villa by siding with and giving its official recognition to Venustiano Carranza's national government. Feeling betrayed, Villa began attacking American property and citizens in northern Mexico. The most serious incident occurred on January 11, 1916, when sixteen American employees of the American Smelting and Refining Company were removed from a train near Santa Isabel, Chihuahua, and summarily stripped and executed. Villa kept his men south of the border to avoid direct confrontation with the United States Army forces deployed to protect the border. At approximately 4:00 am on March 9, 1916, Villa's troops attacked Columbus, New Mexico, and its local detachment of the 13th Cavalry Regiment, killing ten civilians and eight soldiers, and wounding two civilians and six soldiers. The raiders also burned the town, took many horses and mules and seized available machine guns, ammunition and merchandise, before being pursued back into Mexico. However, Villa's troops suffered considerable losses, with at least sixty-seven dead and dozens more wounded. About thirteen of the wounded later died of their wound"