About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 37. Chapters: Ammopelmatus, Anostostomatidae, Ant cricket, Atractomorpha (Pyrgomorphidae), Barbitistes, Bienkotetrix, Bienkotetrix transsylvanicus, Cooloola (genus), Cooloola monster, Daihinibaenetes, Daihinibaenetes arizonensis, Ensifera, Eumorsea, Eumorsea pinaleno, Gryllacrididae, Gryllotalpa brachyptera, Gymnoplectron, Hadenoecus, Hump-winged grig, Ischyroplectron, Isoplectron, Jerusalem cricket, Leiomelus, List of Orthoptera and allied insects of Great Britain, Macrobaenetes, Macrobaenetes kelsoensis, Macrobaenetes valgum, Macropathus, Miogryllus convolutus, Motuweta, Myrmecophilus, Myrmecophilus acervorum, Neonetus, Novoplectron, Nsenene, Orthopterida, Orthopteroid, Orthopterology, Pachyrhamma, Pallidoplectron, Paragryllacris combusta, Parktown prawn, Petrotettix, Pharmacus, Pleioplectron, Pristoceuthophilus, Prophalangopsidae, Psychomastatix, Psychomastatix deserticola, Rhaphidophoridae, Riock, Schizodactylidae, Schizodactylus inexpectatus, Schizodactylus monstrosus, Setascutum, Spharagemon collare, Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis, Stenopelmatus navajo, Stenopelmatus nigrocapitatus, Talitropsis, Tasmanoplectron, Tasmanoplectron isolatum, Tetrigidae, Tetrix sierrane, Tettigidea, Tettigidea empedonepia, Tettigoniidae, Tridactylidae, Turbottoplectron, Utabaenetes, Utabaenetes tanneri. Excerpt: Spharagemon collare, common name Mottled Sand Grasshopper, is found in sandy-soiled, grassy areas of northern United States and southern Canada. They are known to be a minor pest of wheat crops; however, populations are rarely large enough to cause appreciable damage. Adult Mottled Sand Grasshoppers are light to dark tan with dark brown to black speckles that sometimes appear as bands or stripes. The Mottled Sand Grasshopper relies heavily on its camouflaging colors for protection against predators. Most notably, the rear tibia is orange or red, and the inside of the femur is yellow with four darker bands. The wings extend past the end of the abdomen. The forewing is speckled or banded and varies in color, and the hind wing has wide bands of light yellow and black with a clear wing tip. The Mottled Sand Grasshopper has an enlarged pronotal ridge behind the head that looks like a collar. This species exhibits sexual dimorphism-females are larger than males with a total body length of 27 to 37 mm. The males have an average body length (to end of forewings) of 23 to 31 mm. The Mottled Sand Grasshopper has five nymphal stages. In each stage there are changes in size, coloring, and wing development. The adult grasshoppers are present from July to September. The progression through the five nymphal stages takes a minimum of 42 days, and males spend less time in each stage than the females. The five instars will exist at the same time due to the long hatching period. BL = body length, FL = femur length, AS = number of antennal segments. The Mottled Sand Grasshopper is found in northern and western United States and southern Canada. Their optimal habitat is in loose, sandy soil. They are especially common along edges of wheat fields. They are most commonly seen in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, and Michigan. The Mottled Sand Grasshopper is rarely found in high densities. Usual levels are .1 to 1 per square yard. However, they have been recorded to reach 10 p
