About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 74. Chapters: Melting point, Distillation, Evaporation, Triple point, Azeotrope, Phase transition, Boiling, Phase diagram, Condensation, Curie temperature, Eutectic system, Crystallization, Cryobiology, Melting-point depression, Crystallization of polymers, Mpemba effect, Recrystallization, Critical point, Freezing-point depression, Critical exponent, Polyamorphism, Critical points of the elements, Diffusionless transformation, Critical dimension, Sublimation, Heteroazeotrope, Schreinemaker's analysis, Coffee ring, Pourbaix diagram, Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile, Tricritical point, List of boiling and freezing information of solvents, Liquidus, Simon-Glatzel equation, Flash freezing, Sublimation apparatus, Critical opalescence, Cryophorus, Symplectite, Boiling chip, Bumping, Bubble point, Deposition, Johari-Goldstein relaxation, Critical radius, Lever rule, Isothermal transformation diagram, Fractional crystallization, Incongruent melting, Solidus, Cryoscopic constant, Ebullioscopic constant, Latent internal energy, Continuous cooling transformation, Bancroft point, Slip melting point, Photoinduced phase transitions. Excerpt: Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction. Commercially, distillation has a number of applications. It is used to separate crude oil into more fractions for specific uses such as transport, power generation and heating. Water is distilled to remove impurities, such as salt from seawater. Air is distilled to separate its components-notably oxygen, nitrogen, and argon-for industrial use. Distillation of fermented solutions has been used since ancient times to produce distilled beverages with a higher alcohol content. The premises where distillation is carried out, e...
