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Gadolinium: Isotopes of Gadolinium

Gadolinium: Isotopes of Gadolinium


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About the Book

Chapters: Isotopes of Gadolinium. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 24. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. Gadolinium has exceptionally high absorption of neutrons and therefore is used for shielding in neutron radiography and in nuclear reactors. Because of its paramagnetic properties, solutions of organic gadolinium complexes and gadolinium compounds are the most popular intravenous MRI contrast agents in medical magnetic resonance imaging. A sample of gadolinium Gadolinium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It crystallizes in hexagonal, close-packed - form at room temperature, but, when heated to temperatures above 1235 C, it transforms into its - form, which has a body-centered cubic structure. Gadolinium-157 has the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section among any stable nuclides at 259,000 barns. Only xenon-135 has a higher cross section, 2 million barns, but that isotope is unstable. Gadolinium is strongly paramagnetic at room temperature, and exhibits ferromagnetic properties below room temperature. Gadolinium demonstrates a magnetocaloric effect whereby its temperature increases when it enters a magnetic field and decreases when it leaves the magnetic field. The effect is considerably stronger for the gadolinium alloy Gd5(Si2Ge2). Individual gadolinium atoms have been isolated by encapsulating them into fullerene molecules and visualized with transmission electron microscope. Individual Gd atoms and small Gd clusters have also been incorporated into carbon nanotubes. Unlike other rare earth elements, gadolinium is relatively stable in dry air. However, it tarnishes quickly in moist air, forming a loosely-adheri...More: http: //booksllc.net/?id=12243


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781156926512
  • Publisher: Books LLC
  • Publisher Imprint: Books LLC
  • Height: 152 mm
  • Sub Title: Isotopes of Gadolinium
  • Width: 229 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1156926513
  • Publisher Date: 15 Sep 2010
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Spine Width: 2 mm
  • Weight: 54 gr


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