About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 56. Chapters: Valley, Cave, Canyon, Natural arch, Cliff, Ice lens, List of rock formations, Erg, Abrskil Cave, Makhtesh Ramon, Tepui, Inverted relief, avolja Varo, Mesa, Hoodoo, Badlands, Chine, Hogback, Coulee, Arroyo, Anchor Church, Butte, Cuesta, Piedmont Mountains, Gully, Dissected plateau, HaMakhtesh HaGadol, Ridge, Peneplain, Plunge pool, Eolianite, Exhumed river channel, HaMakhtesh HaKatan, Inverted topography, Water gap, Mogote, Lavaka, Texas Canyon, Aeolian landform, Limestone pavement, Crag and tail, Potrero, Knickpoint, Malpa s, Ravine, Flatiron, Cliff-former, Wind gap, Gulch, Tea table, Slaking, Slope-former, Donga. Excerpt: In geography and geology, a cliff is a significant vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure. Cliffs are formed as erosion landforms due to the processes of erosion and weathering that produce them. Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. Cliffs are usually formed by rock that is resistant to erosion and weathering. Sedimentary rocks are most likely to form sandstone, limestone, chalk, and dolomite. Igneous rocks, such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs. An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff, formed by the movement of a geologic fault, or a landslide. Most cliffs have some form of scree slope at their base. In arid areas or under high cliffs, these are generally exposed jumbles of fallen rock. In areas of higher moisture, a soil slope may obscure the talus. Many cliffs also feature tributary waterfalls or rock shelters. Sometimes a cliff peters out at the end of a ridge, with tea tables or other types of rock columns remaining. The Ordnance Survey distinguishes between cliffs (continuous line along the top edge with projections down the face) and outcrops (continuous lines along lower edge). The far southwestern aspect of Nanga Parbat's Ru...
