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Home > Art, Film & Photography > Ultramafic Rocks: Komatiite
Ultramafic Rocks: Komatiite

Ultramafic Rocks: Komatiite


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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Komatiites (pronounced ) are ultramafic mantle-derived volcanic rocks. They have low SiO2, low K2O, low Al2O3, and high to extremely high MgO. They were named for their type locality along the Komati River in South Africa. True komatiites are very rare and essentially restricted to rocks of Archaean age, with few Proterozoic or Phanerozoic komatiites known (although high-magnesian lamprophyres are known from the Mesozoic). This restriction in age is thought to be due to secular cooling of the mantle, which may have been up to 500 C hotter during the early to middle Archaean (4.5 to 2.6 Ga). The early Earth had much higher heat production, due to the residual heat from planetary accretion, as well as the greater abundance of radioactive elements. Geographically, komatiites are restricted in distribution to the Archaean shield areas. Komatiites occur with other ultramafic and high-magnesian mafic volcanic rocks in Archaean greenstone belts. The youngest komatiites are from the island of Gorgona on the Caribbean oceanic plateau. Magmas of komatiite compositions have a very high melting point with calculated eruption temperatures in excess of 1600 C. Basaltic lavas normally have eruption temperatures of about 1100 C to 1250C. The higher melting temperatures required to produce komatiite have been attributed to the presumed higher geothermal gradients in the Archean Earth. Komatiitic lava would have behaved as a supercritical fluid when it erupted (possessing the viscosity of gas but with the density of rock). Compared to the basaltic lava of the Hawaiian plume basalts at ~1200 C which behaves as treacle or honey, the komatiitic lava would have flowed swiftly across the surface, leaving extremely thin lava flows (down to 10 mm thick). The ma... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2309752


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781156301210
  • Publisher: Books LLC
  • Publisher Imprint: Books LLC
  • Height: 152 mm
  • Sub Title: Komatiite
  • Width: 229 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1156301211
  • Publisher Date: 31 May 2010
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Spine Width: 3 mm
  • Weight: 77 gr


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