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Home > Art, Film & Photography > Memory Biases: Functional Fixedness
Memory Biases: Functional Fixedness

Memory Biases: Functional Fixedness


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About the Book

Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt Psychology, which is a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing where the whole is seen as being separate from the sum of its parts. Karl Duncker defined functional fixedness as being a "mental block against using an object in a new way that is required to solve a problem." This "block" then limits that ability of an individual to use the components given to them to make a specific item, as they can not move past the original intention of the object. Experimental paradigms typically involve solving problems in novel situations in which the subject has the use of a familiar object in an unfamiliar context. The object may be familiar from the subjects past experience or from previous tasks within an experiment. The end result is that the subject typically unable to overcome the bias which hinders or completely prevents the subject from completing the task rather than making use of the available objects in a novel but more efficacious manner. For example, if someone needs a paperweight, but they only have a hammer, they may not see how the hammer can be used as a paperweight. This inability to see a hammer's use as anything other than pounding nails, is functional fixedness. The person couldn't think of how to use the hammer in a way other than its traditional function. When tested, 5-year-old children show no signs of functional fixedness. Apparently this is because they have had less experience with the use of various objects (German


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781156243282
  • Publisher: Books LLC
  • Publisher Imprint: Books LLC
  • Height: 152 mm
  • No of Pages: 44
  • Spine Width: 3 mm
  • Weight: 77 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1156243289
  • Publisher Date: 31 May 2010
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Functional Fixedness
  • Width: 229 mm


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