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Timbuktu: The Clique Series

Timbuktu: The Clique Series


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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Timbuktu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Timbuktu was established by the nomadic Tuareg as early as the 10th century. Although Tuaregs founded Timbuktu, it was only as a seasonal settlement. Roaming the desert during the wet months, in summer they stayed near the flood plains of the Inner Niger Delta. Since the terrain directly at the water wasnt suitable due to mosquitoes, a well was dug a few miles from the river. In the eleventh century merchants from Djenne set up the various markets and built permanent dwellings in the town, establishing the site as a meeting place for people traveling by camel. They also introduced the Islam and reading, through the Qur'an. Before Islam, the population worshiped Ouagadou-Bida, a mythical water-serpent of the Niger River. With the rise of the Ghana Empire, several Trans Saharan trade routes had been established. Salt from Mediterranean Africa was traded with West-African gold and ivory, and large numbers of slaves. Halfway through the eleventh century, however, new goldmines near Bure made for an eastward shift of the trade routes. This development made Timbuktu a prosperous city where goods from camels were loaded on boats on the Niger. Map showing the most important Trans Saharan trade routes till 1400. Several states are highlighted, including the Ghana Empire (until the 14th century) and 14th - 16th century Mali Empire. Note the western trade route running from Djenne via Timbuktu to the trade entrept of Sijilmassa. Present day Niger in yellow. An 1855 map of Timbuktu, published in Petermann's Geographische Mitteilungen, shows the different parts of the mid-nineteenth century city. The cartography was based on Heinrich Barth's September 1853 visit to Timbuktu. Timbuktu seen from a distance by Hei... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=254061


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781156200162
  • Publisher: Books LLC
  • Publisher Imprint: Books LLC
  • Height: 152 mm
  • Sub Title: The Clique Series
  • Width: 229 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1156200164
  • Publisher Date: 31 May 2010
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Spine Width: 2 mm
  • Weight: 68 gr


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