Indigenous Peoples in Bolivia: Wich, Uros, Bororo People, Toba People, Ayoreo, Yawanawa, Tsiman, Uru-Muratos, Cidob Confederation, Guat

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 24. Chapters: Aymara people, Ayoreo people, Bororo people, Carancho, Chane people, Charca people, Chiquitano people, Ese Ejja people, Guarani people, Guarayos, Guato people, Indigenous peoples in South America, Kolla people, Lupaca, Machinere people, Moxo people, Native Community Lands, Nivacle people, Quechua people, Toba people, Toromona people, Tsimane people, Uru-Murato, Uru people, Wichi people, Yaminawa people, Yuracare people. Excerpt: Guarani are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of South America. They are distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guarani language. The traditional range of the Guarani people is in what is now Paraguay between the Uruguay River and lower Paraguay River, the Corrientes and Entre Rios Provinces of Argentina, southern Brazil, and parts of Uruguay and Bolivia. Although their demographic dominance of the region has been reduced by European colonisation and the commensurate rise of mestizos, there are contemporary Guarani populations in these areas. Most notably, the Guarani language, still widely spoken across traditional Guarani homelands, is one of the two official languages in Paraguay, the other one being Spanish. The language was once looked down upon by the upper and middle classes, but it is now often regarded with pride and serves as a symbol of national distinctiveness. The Paraguayan population learns Guarani both informally from social interaction and formally in public schools. In modern Spanish Guarani is also applied to refer to any Paraguayan national in the same way that Mexicans are labelled Aztecs and French are called Gauls. The history and meaning of the name Guarani are subject to dispute. Prior to their encounter with Europeans, the Guarani referred to themselves simply as Aba, meaning "men" or "people." The term Guarani was originally applied by early Jesuit missionaries to refer to natives who had accepted conversion to the Christian religion; Cayua or Caingua (ka'aguygua) was used to refer to those who had refused it. Cayua is roughly translated as "the ones from the forest." While the term Cayua is sometimes still used to refer to settlements of indigenous peoples who have not well integrated into the dominant society, the modern usage of the name Guarani is generally extended to include all people of native origin regardless of societal status. Barbara Ganson writes that the name Guarani was given by the Spanish a