About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 42. Chapters: 680, 680s births, 680s deaths, 680s establishments, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, Charles Martel, Third Council of Constantinople, Bilge Qaghan, Pershore Abbey, Ebroin, Battle of Dun Nechtain, Royal Grammar School Worcester, Abd Allah ibn Abbas, Wittiza, Roderic, Munmu of Silla, Battle of Ongal, Second Fitna, Saint Ghislain, Adarnase II of Iberia, Twelfth Council of Toledo, List of state leaders in 685, Fifteenth Council of Toledo, List of state leaders in 687, List of state leaders in 681, List of state leaders in 684, List of state leaders in 688, List of state leaders in 682, List of state leaders in 686, List of state leaders in 680, Battle of Tertry, List of state leaders in 683, List of state leaders in 689, Adulf, Theodbert of Bavaria, Asim ibn Umar, Fourteenth Council of Toledo, Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym, Berthar, Aqeel ibn Abi Talib, Thirteenth Council of Toledo, Gistemar, Berthun of Sussex, Battle of Coronate. Excerpt: Charles Martel (Latin: ) (c. 688 - 22 October 741), literally Charles the Hammer, was a Frankish military and political leader, who served as Mayor of the Palace under the Merovingian kings and ruled de facto during an interregnum (737-43) at the end of his life, using the title Duke and Prince of the Franks. In 739 he was offered the title of Consul by the Pope, but he refused. He is remembered for winning the Battle of Tours (also known as the Battle of Poitiers) in 732, in which he defeated an invading Muslim army and halted northward Islamic expansion in western Europe. A brilliant general, he lost only one battle in his career, (the Battle of Cologne). He is a founding figure of the Middle Ages, often credited with a seminal role in the development of feudalism and knighthood, and laying the groundwork for the Carolingian Empire. He was also the father of Pepin the Short and...