About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 74. Chapters: Speech act, Deixis, T-V distinction, Natural semantic metalanguage, Universal pragmatics, Honorifics, Evidentiality, Discourse ethics, Communicative rationality, Presupposition, Semantic primes, Performative utterance, Performative text, Gricean maxims, Rational reconstruction, Illocutionary act, Performativity, Anaphora, Relevance, Scalar implicature, Referring expression, Ostensive definition, Relevance theory, Language intensity, Phonestheme, Triangle of reference, Radical empiricism, Affect, Jacob L. Mey, Context, Politeness maxims, Topic Continuity in Discourse, Gradience, Phatic, Exophora, Historical pragmatics, Metapragmatics, Felicity conditions, Aizuchi, Cataphora, The Meaning of Meaning, Adjacency pairs, Explicature, Perlocutionary act, Entailment, Dialog act, Knud Lambrecht, Endophora, Context as Other Minds, Formal Semantics in Moscow, Origo, Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, Degreeting, Metalocutionary act. Excerpt: In sociolinguistics, a T-V distinction is a contrast, within one language, between second-person pronouns that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, or insult toward the addressee. The expressions T-form (informal) and V-form (formal) were introduced by Brown and Gilman (1960), with reference to the initial letters of these pronouns in Latin, tu and vos. In Latin, tu was originally the singular, and vos the plural, with no distinction for honorific or familiar. According to Brown and Gilman, usage of the plural to the Roman emperor began in the fourth century AD. They mention the possibility that this was because there were often two or more emperors at that time as augusti, caesares and other titles, and later separate rulers in Constantinople and Rome, but also that "plurality is a very old and ubiquitous metaphor for power." This usage was exte...
