About the Book
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 115. Chapters: Alan Reynolds (artist), Al Held, Anselmo Piccoli, Anton Lamazares, Arthur Sarkissian, Beatriz Milhazes, Berenice Sydney, Brian Rutenberg, Bridget Riley, Charles Gibbons (artist), Charlotte Wankel, Cleve Gray, Clyfford Still, Dan Christensen, Dan Walsh, David Whitaker (artist), Deborah Remington, Dennis Hare, Ellsworth Kelly, Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer, Farouk Hosny, Ferdinand Kulmer, Francois Lanzi, Franti ek Kupka, Gerhard Richter, Ghada Jamal (artist), Greta Knutson, Gunter Fruhtrunk, Harold Town, Hilma af Klint, Howard Hodgkin, Independents (Oporto artist group), Jan Widstromer, Jean-Christophe De Clercq, Joan Mitchell, John J. O'Connor (artist), John McNamara (artist), John Scanes, Joseph Probst, Jozef Peeters, Juan T. Vazquez Martin, Julie Mehretu, Keith Morant, Kenneth Noland, Larry Poons, Leo Wrye Zimmerman, Lisa Nankivil, Manuel Felguerez, Manuel Pereira da Silva, Marcel Lempereur-Haut, Marc Darimont, Margery Edwards, Maria Bala ova, Mario Prassinos, Mark Bradford, Mark Rothko, Michael Goldberg, Michel Gigon, Michel Stoffel, Minoru Ohira, Mohammed Khadda, Nadir Afonso, Neil Williams (artist), Noel Forster, Pablo Serrano, Pat Steir, Per Kirkeby, Philip Guston, Philip Taaffe, Rafael Mijares Alcerreca, Rhea Carmi, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Richard Diebenkorn, Robert Mangold, Robert Ryman, Roman Verostko, Ronald Davis, Sean Scully, Sebastian Spreng, Steve Stone (artist), Susan Schwalb, Tony Soulie, William Willis (artist), Yelena Yefimova, Zahoor ul Akhlaq. Excerpt: Mark Rothko (Russian: born Marcus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz; September 25, 1903 - February 25, 1970) was a Russian-American painter. He is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted classification as an "abstract painter." Mark Rothko was born in Dvinsk, Vitebsk Province, Russian Empire (now Daugavpils, Latvia). His father, Jacob (Yakov) Rothkowitz, was a pharmacist and an intellectual, who provided his children with a secular and political, rather than religious, upbringing. Unlike Jews in most cities of Czarist Russia, those in Dvinsk had been spared from violent outbreaks of anti-Semitic pogroms. However, in an environment where Jews were often blamed for many of the evils that befell Russia, Rothko's early childhood was plagued by fear. Despite Jacob Rothkowitz's modest income, the family was highly educated, and able to speak Russian, Yiddish and Hebrew. Following Jacob's return to Orthodox Judaism, he sent Marcus, his youngest son, to the cheder at the age of 5, where he studied the Talmud although his elder siblings had been educated in the public school system. Fearing that his sons were about to be drafted into the Czarist army, Jacob Rothkowitz emigrated from Russia to the United States, following the path of many other Jews who left Daugavpils in the wake of Cossack purges. These emigres included two of Jacob's brothers, who managed to establish themselves as clothing manufacturers in Portland, Oregon, a common profession among Eastern European immigrants. Marcus remained in Russia with his mother and elder sister Sonia. They joined Jacob and the elder brothers later, arriving at Ellis Island in the winter of 1913 after 12 days at sea. Jacob's death a few months later left the family without economic support. One of Marcus's great aunts did unskilled labor, Sonia operated a cash register, while Marcus worked in one of his uncle's warehouses, selling newspapers
