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Home > Art, Film & Photography > Pioneer Program: Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Pioneer Venus Project, Pioneer 3, Pioneer 4, Pioneer 0, Pioneer 2, Pioneer P-3, Pioneer P-30
Pioneer Program: Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Pioneer Venus Project, Pioneer 3, Pioneer 4, Pioneer 0, Pioneer 2, Pioneer P-3, Pioneer P-30

Pioneer Program: Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Pioneer Venus Project, Pioneer 3, Pioneer 4, Pioneer 0, Pioneer 2, Pioneer P-3, Pioneer P-30


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About the Book

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 39. Chapters: Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Pioneer Venus project, Pioneer 3, Pioneer 4, Pioneer 0, Pioneer 2, Pioneer P-3, Pioneer P-30, Pioneer P-31, Pioneer anomaly, NASA Research Park, Explorational X-ray astronomy, Pioneer plaque, Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9, Pioneer 5, Pioneer H, Pioneer P-1. Excerpt: The Pioneer anomaly or Pioneer effect is the observed deviation from predicted accelerations of the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft after they passed about 20 astronomical units (3 km; 2 mi) on their trajectories out of the Solar System. Both Pioneer spacecraft are escaping the Solar System, but are slowing under the influence of the Sun's gravity. Upon very close examination of navigational data, the spacecraft were found to be slowing slightly more than expected. The effect is an extremely small but unexplained acceleration towards the Sun, of 1.3310 m/s. The two spacecraft were launched in 1972 and 1973 and the anomalous acceleration was first noticed as early as 1980, but not seriously investigated until 1994. The last communication with either spacecraft was in 2003, but analysis of recorded data continues. Pioneer 10 and 11 were sent on missions to Jupiter and Jupiter/Saturn respectively. The spacecraft were spin-stabilised in order to keep their main antennas pointed towards Earth using gyroscopic forces. Although the spacecraft included thrusters, these were left unused after their primary encounters, leaving them on a long "cruise" phase through the outer solar system. During this period, both spacecraft were repeatedly contacted to obtain various measurements on their physical environment, providing valuable information long after their initial missions were complete. Since the spacecraft were flying without additional stabilization thrusts during their "cruise," it is possible to characterize the density of the solar medi...


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781155248899
  • Publisher: Books LLC, Wiki Series
  • Publisher Imprint: Books LLC, Wiki Series
  • Height: 246 mm
  • No of Pages: 40
  • Spine Width: 2 mm
  • Weight: 91 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1155248899
  • Publisher Date: 15 Aug 2011
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Pioneer Venus Project, Pioneer 3, Pioneer 4, Pioneer 0, Pioneer 2, Pioneer P-3, Pioneer P-30
  • Width: 189 mm


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