Defence Studies: (Critical Concepts in Military, Strategic, and Security Studies)

Those working in Defence Studies explore the convergence between war and politics. It is, in the words of the editor of this new Routledge collection, ‘the socio-technological study of how martial force is understood, built, and deployed’. Indeed, the term ‘Defence Studies’ has its origins in the establishment in 1927 of the UK’s Imperial Defence College (later named the Royal College for Defence Studies in 1970), but research falling under that rubric has long been a global endeavour. Scholars of Defence Studies ask questions such as: What are the driving factors of defence policy? Why is history important for understanding emergent warfare? How might actors prepare for defence and war? Are defence policies appropriate for expected events? Now, in response to the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of literature, Routledge announces a new title in its Critical Concepts in Military, Strategic, and Security Studies series. Edited by David J. Galbreath, Professor of International Security at the University of Bath, and Director of its Centre for War and Technology, Defence Studies is a four-volume collection which brings together the very best scholarship in a one-stop anthology of major works. The collection is fully indexed and includes a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editor, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context. It is destined to be valued by researchers, teachers, and advanced students as a vital research and pedagogic resource.

Table of Contents:
Volume 1. Defence as War Part 1. Defence as War: Theorising Strategy 1. Sun Tzu, ‘Estimates’ in The Art of War, trans. Samuel B. Griffith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963), pp. 63-71. 2. Antoine Henri de Jomini, ‘Statesmanship in its Relation to War’, in The Art of War, trans. G. H. Mendell and W. P. Craighill (Philadelphia: J. Lippincott, 1862), pp. 14-16. 3. Carl von Clausewitz, ‘What is War’, in Michael Howard and Peter Paret (ed. & trans.), On War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), pp. 75-89. 4. Hew Strachan, ‘Strategy in Theory; Strategy in Practice’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 42, 2, 2019, 171-190. Part 2. Strategic Utility? The Changing Face of War 5. Azar Gat, ‘The Changing Character of War’, in Hew Strachan and Sibylle Scheipers (eds), The Changing Character of War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 27-47. 6. Charles Krulak, ‘The Strategic Corporal: Leadership in the Three Block War’, Marine Corps Gazette, 83, 1, 1999, 18-23. 7. Ivan Arreguín-Toft, ‘How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict’, International Security, 26, 1, 2001, 93–128. 8. Rupert Smith, ‘Understanding Force’, in The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World (London: Penguin, 2005), pp. 1-26. 9. Emile Simpson, ‘The Language of War’, in War from the Ground Up: Twenty-First Century Combat as Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 15-39. 10. David Kilcullen, ‘Counter-insurgency Redux’, Survival, 48, 4, 2006, 111-130. 11. Douglas Porch, ‘The Dangerous Myths and Dubious Promise of COIN’, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 22, 2, 2011, 239-257. Part 3. "Si vis pacem, para bellum": Making Military Power 12. Stephen D. Biddle, Introduction in Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), pp. 1-11. 13. Barry R. Posen, ‘Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of U.S. Hegemony’, International Security, 28, 1, 2003, 5-46. 14. Emily O. Goldman and Richard B. Andres, ‘Systemic Effects of Military Innovation and Diffusion’, Security Studies, 8, 4, 1999, 79-125. 15. Anthony King, ‘On Combat Effectiveness in the Infantry Platoon: Beyond the Primary Group Thesis’, Security Studies, 25, 4, 2016, 699-728. 16. Eliot A. Cohen, ‘Change and Transformation in Military Affairs’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 27, 3 2004, 395-407. 17. Adam Grissom, ‘The Future of Military Innovation Studies’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 29, 5, 2006, 905-934. 18. Antoine Bousquet, ‘Chaoplexic Warfare or the Future of Military Organization’, International Affairs, 84, 5, 2008, 915-929. Volume 2. Defence as Policy (I): The Politics of Defence Part 4. Defence as Policy: Politics, Strategy and the State 19. Antoine Henri de Jomini, ‘Article XIII: ‘The Military Institutions of States’, in The Art of War, trans. G. H. Mendell & W. P. Craighill (Philadelphia: J. Lippincott, 1862), pp. 43-51. 20. Colin S. Gray, ‘National Style in Strategy: The American Example’, International Security, 6, 2, 1981, 21-47. 21. James Strong, ‘Interpreting the Syria Vote: Parliament and British Foreign Policy’, International Affairs, 91, 5, 2015, 1123–1139. 22. Steve Livingston and Todd Eachus, ‘Humanitarian Crises and U.S. Foreign Policy: Somalia and the CNN Effect Reconsidered’, Political Communication, 12, 4, 1995, 413-429. 23. Hew Strachan, ‘The Lost Meaning of Strategy’, Survival, 47, 3, 2005, 33-54. Part 5. Civil-Military Relations and Defence Policy 24. Peter D. Feaver, ‘The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz, and the Question of Civilian Control’, Armed Forces & Society, 23, 2, 1996, 149-178. 25. John Kiszely, ‘The Political-Military Dynamic in the Conduct of Strategy’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 42, 2, 2019, 235-258. 26. Elizabeth Kier, ‘Culture and Military Doctrine: France Between the Wars’, International Security, 19, 4, 1995, 65–93. 27. Caitlin Talmadge, ‘Different Threats, Different Militaries: Explaining Organizational Practices in Authoritarian Armies’, Security Studies, 25, 1, 2016, 111-141. 28. Thomas C. Bruneau and Florina Cristiana Matei, ‘Towards a New Conceptualization of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations’, Democratization, 15, 5, 2008, 909-929. Part 6. National Defence and International Politics 29. Robert Jervis, ‘Cooperation under the Security Dilemma’, World Politics, 30, 2, 1978, 167-214. 30. Barry R. Posen, ‘Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power’, International Security, 18, 2, 1993, 80-124. 31. Stephen M. Walt, ‘Why Alliances Endure or Collapse’, Survival, 39, 1, 1997, 156-179. 32. Jolyon Howorth, ‘France, Britain and the Euro-Atlantic Crisis’, Survival, 45, 4, 2003, 173-192. 33. Timothy Edmunds, ‘What are Armed Forces for? The Changing Nature of Military Roles in Europe’, International Affairs, 82, 6, 2006, 1059-1075. 34. Theo Farrell and Sten Rynning, ‘NATO's Transformation Gaps: Transatlantic Differences and the War in Afghanistan’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 33, 5, 2010, 673-699. Volume 3. Defence as Policy (II): Planning in Defence Part 7. Policy as Planning: Defence and Uncertainty 35. Henrik Breitenbauch and André Ken Jakobsson, ‘Defence Planning as Strategic Fact’, Defence Studies, 18, 3, 2018, 253-261. 36. Michael Fitzsimmons, ‘The Problem of Uncertainty in Strategic Planning’, Survival, 48, 4, 2006, 131-146. 37. Thomas G. Mahnken, ‘Uncovering Foreign Military Innovation’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 22, 4, 1999, 26-54. 38. Colin S. Gray, ‘Strategic Thoughts for Defence Planners’, Survival, 52, 3, 2010, 159-178. Part 8. Planning as Process: The Politics of Bureaucracy 39. Michael C. Horowitz, ‘Introduction’, in The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), pp. 1-17. 40. Stephen Rosen, ‘Systems Analysis and the Quest for Rational Defense’, Public Interest, 1984, 3-17. 41. M. A. Thomas, ‘Spaghetti: Systems Thinking and the US Army’, Defence Studies, 19, 2, 2019, 149-169. 42. Colin S. Gray, ‘Political Process and Defence Planning’, in Strategy and Defence Planning: Meeting the Challenge of Uncertainty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 135-161. 43. Patrick Porter, ‘Taking Uncertainty Seriously: Classical Realism and National Security’, European Journal of International Security, 1, 2, 2016, 239–260. 44. Matthew Uttley, Benedict Wilkinson and Armida van Rij, ‘A Power for the Future? Global Britain and the Future Character of Conflict’, International Affairs, 95, 4, 2019, 801-816. Part 9. The Economics of Defence Policy 45. Jonathan Kirshner, ‘Political Economy in Security Studies after the Cold War’, Review of International Political Economy, 5, 1, 1998, 64-91. 46. Michael Beckley, ‘Economic Development and Military Effectiveness’, Journal of Strategic Studies 33, 1, 2010, 43-79. 47. Aynur Alptekin and Paul Levine, ‘Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis’, European Journal of Political Economy, 28, 4, 2012, 636-650. 48. Keith Krause, ‘The Political Economy of the International Arms Transfer System: The Diffusion of Military Technique via Arms Transfers’, International Journal, 45, 3, 1990, 687-722. 49. Deborah D. Avant and Renée de Nevers, ‘Military Contractors and the American Way of War’, Daedalus, 140, 3, 2011, 88-99. Volume 4. Defence as Security Part 10. Security: More than Just National Defence? 50. Robert Jervis, ‘Mutual Assured Destruction’, Foreign Policy, 133, 2002, 40-42. 51. Barry Buzan, Ole Waever and Jaap de Wilde, ‘Security Analysis: Conceptual Apparatus’, in Security: A New Framework for Analysis (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1998), pp. 21-48. 52. Roland Paris, ‘Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?’, International Security, 26, 2, 2001, 87-102. 53. Alex J. Bellamy, ‘The Responsibility to Protect and the Problem of Military Intervention’, International Affairs, 84, 4, 2008, 615–639. Part 11. Insecurity and Intervention 54. Robert D. Kaplan, ‘The Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, Tribalism, and Disease are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of our Planet’, The Atlantic (Feb. 1994). 55. Mary Kaldor, ‘Introduction’, in New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013), pp. 1-14. 56. James D. Fearon and David D. Laitin, ‘Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War’, American Political Science Review, 97, 1, 2003, 75-90. 57. Edward Newman, ‘The "New Wars" Debate: A Historical Perspective is Needed’, Security Dialogue, 35, 2, 2004, 173-189. 58. Robert Egnell and Peter Haldén, ‘Laudable, Ahistorical and Overambitious: Security Sector Reform meets State Formation Theory’, Conflict, Security & Development, 9, 1, 2009, 27-54. Part 12. Terrorism: Bridging the Domestic and International 59. David C. Rapoport, ‘The Fourth Wave: September 11 in the History of Terrorism’, Current History, 100, 650, 2001, 419–424. 60. Victor Asal, Luis de la Calle, Michael Findley and Joseph Young, ‘Killing Civilians or Holding Territory? How to Think about Terrorism’, International Studies Review, 14, 3, 2012, 475-497. 61. Max Abrahms, ‘Why Terrorism Does Not Work’, International Security, 31, 2, 2006, 42-78. 62. Audrey Kurth Cronin, ‘How al-Qaida Ends: The Decline and Demise of Terrorist Groups’, International Security, 31, 1, 2006, 7-48. 63. Richard English, ‘The Future Study of Terrorism’, European Journal of International Security, 1, 2, 2016, 135-149. Part 13. Security: Blurring War and Peace? 64. Thomas Rid, ‘Cyber War Will Not Take Place’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 35, 1, 2012, 5-32. 65. John Stone, ‘Cyber War Will Take Place!’, Journal of Strategic Studies, 36, 1, 2013, 101–108. 66. Frank Hoffman, ‘Hybrid Warfare and Challenges’, Joint Forces Quarterly, 52, 1, 2009, 34-39. 67. Mark Galeotti, ‘Hybrid, Ambiguous, and Non-Linear? How New is Russia’s "New Way of War"?’, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27, 2, 2016, 282-301. 68. Derek Gregory, ‘The Everywhere War’, The Geographical Journal, 177, 3, 2011, 238-250.

About the Author :
David Galbreath is Professor of International Security in the Department of Politics, Languages & International Studies, University of Bath, UK Dr Alex Neads is Research Associate at University of Bath, UK