The Structure of Political Thought: A Study in the History of Political Ideas(Library of Conservative Thought)

Originally published in 1963, this classic book is a rethinking of the history of Western political philosophy. Charles N. R. McCoy contrasts classical-medieval principles against the "hypotheses" at the root of modern liberalism and modern conservativism. In Part I, "The Classical Christian Tradition from Plato to Aquinas," the author lays the foundation for a philosophical "structure" capable of producing "constitutional liberty." Part II, "The Modern Theory of Politics from Machiavelli to Marx," attempts to show, beginning with Machiavelli, the reversal and destruction of the pre-modern "structure" postulated in Part I. McCoy stresses the great contributions of Aristotle to political thought found in his more familiar Ethics and Politics, but also includes key insights drawn from Metaphysics and Physics. These contributions are developed and perfected, McCoy argues, by Augustine and Aquinas. Two other important features include McCoy's epistemological insights into Plato's work that will be new to many readers and the author's juxtaposition of traditional natural law with "the modernized theory of natural law." The modern account of autonomous natural law, in McCoy's view, helps explain the totalitarian direction of key aspects of modern political thought. This classic volume on the origins of modern philosophical thought remains a standard in the field.

Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Transaction Edition Thomas M. Neumayr and Richard J. Dougherty Preface Introduction Part One. The Classical-Christian Tradition 1 Plato: Logic and Political Reality The Sophists Socrates and Plato The Doctrine that Virtue Is Knowledge The State "The Individual Writ Large" Property and the Family 2 Aristotle: Political Science and the Real World Art and Prudence Ethics Fundamental Principles of Self-government The Political Life and the Contemplative Life The Primacy of the Common Good Economics and Politics Political Science: Architectonic and Principal Science The Political Community Forms of Government Rule According to Law and the Forms of Government The Mixed Forms of Government and the Polity 3 The Political Philosophy of Later Greece and Rome The Philosophies of Conduct Natural Law, Law of Nations, and Civil Law 4 Christianity and Political Philosophy: The Relation of Church and State Greek Political Philosophy and Christian Theology The Theory of Church and State St. Augustine: "The City of God" St. Thomas Aquinas: Church and State Egidius Colonna John of Paris Marsilius of Padua 5 Christianity and Political Philosophy: The Theory of Constitutional Government The Political Community: The Law of the Constitution The Best Form of Government Consent and Possibility: Intrinsic Limits on Positive Law The Divine Positive Law and Constitutional Liberty Part Two. The Modern Theory of Politics 6 Machiavelli and the New Politics: The Primacy of Art Machiavelli and the Renaissance Art and the New Physics The Political Thought of Machiavelli The Protestant Reformation and Political Philosophy 7 The Modernized Theory of Natural Law and the Enlightenment Jean Bodin (1530 1596) The Modernized Theory of Natural Law Hugo Grotius (1583 1645) Thomas Hobbes (1588 1679) John Locke (1632 1704) Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 1778) 8 The Outcome of Autonomous Natural Law: Classical Liberalism and Conservatism David Hume The Attack on Causality Adam Smith "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" Jeremy Bentham (1748 1832) John Stuart Mill (1806 1873) Edmund Burke (1729 1797) and Modern Conservatism The Dilemma of Liberalism 9 The Marxist Revolutionary Idea: The Enlightenment in Germany The German Philosophical Revolution Ludwig Feuerbach and the Humanist Critique of Philosophy 10 The Marxist Revolutionary Idea: Philosophy Passes into Practice Epilogue Index