Riches, Class, and Power: United States Before the Civil War

Until publication of Riches, Classes, and Power, Alexis de Tocquerville's vision of the United States as a generally egalitarian nation predominated. While historians might quarrel about the social sources of egalitarianism, they did not dispute the soundness of the basic model; and Tocqueville's vision clearly dominated American's sense of itself as well. A self-acknowledged congenital skeptic, Pessen decided to find out whether the facts of American life sustained Tocqueville's conclusions. Riches, Class, and Power, represents more than five years' intensive research on the wealth, family backgrounds, careers, marriages, residential patterns, uses of leisure, life-styles, social standing, and influence and power of the wealthy in four of the five largest cities in the United States before the Civil War. Pessen examines New York City, Philadelphia, Boston and the then-separate city of Brooklyn in the 1820s and 1840s. His claim is that the massive evidence on urban life of the time sharply refutes Tocqueville's thesis. A National Book Award finalist for history, Riches, Class, and Power undoubtedly helped reshape America before the Civil War. In his reintroduction to this paperback edition, Pessen reviews the critical reaction, and reconsiders the extent to which its findings are applicable to the social structure of small or frontier towns of the period. He discusses whether unequal distribution of wealth in America results more from changes in historical circumstance or to shifts in demographic or age structure.

Table of Contents:
Preface 1 Introduction PART I Wealth 2 Were There Truly Rich Americans in the Era of the Common Man? 3 The Distribution of Wealth in the Age of Egalitarianism 4 The Sources of Antebellum Wealth in the Urban Northeast PART II Social Mobility General Reflections on Social Mobility 5 Were Rich Americans in the Era of the Common Man Self-Made Men? 6 The Backgrounds of the Urban Rich: Characteristic Life Histories 7 Did Fortunes Rise and Fall Mercurially During the Age of Fluidity? 8 Equality of Opportunity? PART III Class The Problem o f Social Class 9 The Streets Where They Lived: The Residential Patterns of the Rich and Elite 10 The Marital Theory and Practice of the Rich and Elite 11 The Private World and the Social Circle of the Rich and Elite PART IV Influence and Power On Influence and Power 12 The Role of the Rich and Elite in Local Voluntary Associations 13 Who Governed the Nation's Cities in the Era of the Common M an? 14 Conclusion