Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy

Morality and Moral Controversies, 10th Edition challenges students to critically assess today’s leading moral, social, and political issues. As a comprehensive anthology, it provides students with the tools they need to understand the philosophical ideas that are currently shaping our world. The 10th edition includes classic and contemporary readings in moral theory, the most current topics in applied ethics, and updated debates in social and political philosophy. As in the previous nine editions, the materials were selected for balance, timeliness, and accessibility after reviewing a vast range of possible articles from leading scholarly journals, mainstream periodicals, online posts, and book chapters. Hallmarks include carefully edited and philosophically relevant U.S. Supreme Court decisions, compelling readings, and contrasting points of view that reflect a broad ethical and political spectrum. Upon completing this book, readers will be able to: Understand philosophical ideas that are shaping the world today. Apply various philosophical ideas to politics, religion, ethics, economics, personal relationships, medicine, the environment and climate change, warfare, and other areas. Appreciate how to construct, apply, and evaluate basic philosophical arguments. Key updates to the 10th edition include: All material published in the actual book (in contrast to placing sections online behind a paywall, as was the case in earlier editions with a different publisher). New readings on: autonomous warfare self-driving cars the right to health care technology and privacy the value of democracy racial equality immigration.

Table of Contents:
PART I MORAL THINKING Chapter 1 Self-Interest, Religion, and Conscience Leviathan: Morality as Rational Advantage Thomas Hobbes Morality and Rational Self-Interest Baruch Brody Divine Commands and the Social Nature of Obligation Robert Merrihew Adams Morality, Religion, and Conscience John Arthur The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn Jonathan Bennett Chapter 2 The Sources and Grounds of Morality The Sources of Moral Ideas: Society, Custom, and Sympathy Edward Westermarck Trying Out One’s New Sword Mary Midgley Morality Is Based on Sentiment David Hume Morality and Normativity Michael J. Perry The Moral Instinct Steven Pinker Chapter 3 Classical and Contemporary Theories of Morality Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals Immanuel Kant Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill Intuitionism W. D. Ross Kant and Utilitarianism Contrasted Onora O’Neill The Real and Alleged Problems of Utilitarianism Richard B. Brandt The Ethics of Care as Moral Theory Virginia Held PART II LIFE AND DEATH Chapter 4 Terrorism and Torture Is Terrorism Morally Distinctive? Samuel Scheffler Torture: The Case for Dirty Harry Uwe Steinhoff Training Torturers: A Critique of the "Ticking Bomb" Argument Jessica Wolfendale Chapter 5 War, Autonomous Machines, and the Arms Trade On the Morality of War Richard A. Wasserstrom The Morality of Pacifism Cheyney Ryan When is a Robot a Moral Agent? John P. Sullins Autonomous Machines, Moral Judgement, and Acting for the Right Reasons Duncan Purves, Ryan Jenkins, and Bradley J. Strawser Weapons, Security, and Oppression: A Normative Study of International Arms Transfers James Christensen Chapter 6 Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Gregg v. Georgia Desert and Capital Punishment Martin Perlmutter The Ultimate Punishment Ernest van den Haag Abolishing the Death Penalty Even for the Worst Murderers Hugo Adam Bedau Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty Jeffrey H. Reiman Chapter 7 Animals, Environmentalism, and Climate All Animals Are Equal Peter Singer Speciesism and the Idea of Equality Bonnie Steinbock People or Penguins William F. Baxter The Land Ethic: Animal Liberation and Environmentalism J. Baird Callicott Two Kinds of Climate Justice: Avoiding Harm and Sharing Burdens Simon Caney Chapter 8 Cloning and Abortion The Ethics of Cloning-to-Produce-Children The President’s Council on Bioethics The Constitutional Right to Abortion Roe v. Wade A Defense of Abortion Judith Jarvis Thomson On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion Mary Anne Warren Abortion and the Concept of a Person Jane English An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong Don Marquis Fathers and Fetuses George W. Harris Chapter 9 Health Care and Deciding Who Should Live The Medical Minimum: Zero Jan Narveson A Right to Health Care Pavlos Eleftheriadis Requiring Medical Treatment JFK Memorial Hospital v. Heston Death With Dignity Act Gonzales v. Oregon Aging and the Ends of Medicine Daniel Callahan The Survival Lottery John Harris PART III PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Chapter 10 Love and Sex Duties Toward the Body in Respect to Sexual Impulse Immanuel Kant Plain Sex Alan H. Goldman Gay Basics: Some Questions, Facts, and Values Richard D. Mohr What is the Point of Love? Carolyn Price Chapter 11 Family and Friendship Is Adultery Immoral? Richard A. Wasserstrom Licensing Parents Hugh LaFollette Can Parents and Children Be Friends? Joseph Kupfer Parents and Children as Friends Kristján Kristjánsson What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? Jane English Chapter 12 Personal Dimensions of Technology: Friendships, Self-Driving Cars, and Privacy Is Google Making Us Stupid? Nicholas Carr Friendship in the Shadow of Technology Laurence Thomas Social Networking Sites and Our Lives Pew Internet and American Life Project Why Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars Patrick Lin Technology and New Challenges for Privacy Leslie P. Francis The Benefits of Being Watched Andrew Oberg Privacy, Neuroscience and Neuro-Surveillance Adam D. Moore PART IV POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS Chapter 13 The Ideal State The Second Treatise of Government John Locke Libertarian Justice Tibor R. Machan On Liberty John Stuart Mill On Representative Government John Stuart Mill A Theory of Justice John Rawls Chapter 14 Protests, Patriotism, and the Rule of Law Flag Burning as Constitutionally Protected Texas v. Johnson Is Patriotism a Virtue? Alasdair MacIntyre Patriotism as Bad Faith Simon Keller Frederick Douglass’s Patriotism Bernard Boxill Letter from a Birmingham Jail Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Crito Plato Legitimate and Illegitimate Uses of Police Force John Kleinig Chapter 15 Democracy: Foundations, Recent Contributions, and Global Challenges Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln What Justifies Democracy and Rule Over None II: Social Equality and the Justification of Democracy Niko Kolodny Are Charter Cities Legitimate Rahul Sagar Political Morality and the Authority of Tradition Steven Wall Transnational Legal Sites and Democracy-Building Seyla Benhabib Social Movements Avery Kolers Chapter 16 Liberty: Free Speech and Drug Use Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion John Stuart Mill Power in Public: Reactions, Responses, and Resistance to Offensive Public Speech Laura Beth Nielsen The Social Benefits of Protecting Hate Speech and Exposing Sources of Prejudice Marcus Schulzke Organized Protests and Free Speech Snyder v Phelps (Westboro Baptist Church) Nazi Marches Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party Do Corporations Have Freedom of Speech? Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission The Ethics of Smoking Robert E. Goodin Addiction and Drug Policy Daniel Shapiro The Ethics of Addiction: An Argument in Favor of Letting Americans Take Any Drug They Want Thomas Szasz Chapter 17 Economic Justice: Markets and Property Of Justice David Hume The Entitlement Theory Robert Nozick Inequality and Other Problems with Nozick’s Libertarianism John Rawls Money and Commodities Michael Walzer Property Rights and Eminent Domain Kelo v. City of New London The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits Milton Friedman Rethinking the Social Responsibility of Business: A Debate John Mackey and Milton Friedman Chapter 18 Race, Gender, and Affirmative Action Separate But Equal? Brown v. Board of Education Rethinking the Problem of the Ghetto Tommie Shelby Affirmative Action in Higher Education Grutter v. Bollinger Affirmative Action in Higher Education Gratz v. Bollinger Reverse Discrimination James Rachels The Subjection of Women John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Sexual Equality and Discrimination: Difference vs. Dominance Will Kymlicka Social Movements and the Politics of Difference Iris Marion Young Freedom, Conditioning, and the Real Woman Janet Radcliffe Richards Chapter 19 Immigration, National Boundaries, and Multiculturalism The Ethics of Immigration Joseph H. Carens Immigration and Democratic Principles: On Carens' Ethics of Immigration Sarah Song Immigration and Freedom of Association Christopher Heath Wellman Multiculturalism: A Liberal Perspective Joseph Raz Reason Before Identity Amartya Sen Assimilation and Cultural Identity Wisconsin v. Yoder Appendix: The Bill of Rights and Fourteenth Amendment

About the Author :
Steven Scalet is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Baltimore (UB), where he helped launch the Program in Philosophy, Law, and Ethics. Prior to working at UB, he directed the Program in Philosophy, Politics, and Law at Binghamton University (State University of New York, SUNY), and received the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching. Scalet received his Ph.D. in Philosophy and M.A. in Economics from the University of Arizona. Scalet is the author of Markets, Ethics, and Business Ethics, 2nd Edition (2018). John Arthur (1946–2007) was a professor of philosophy with areas of specialization in legal theory, social ethics, and political philosophy. He authored several books, including Race, Equality, and the Burdens of History (2007). He taught at Binghamton University for eighteen years.