Demystifying Big Data and Machine Learning for Healthcare

Healthcare transformation requires us to continually look at new and better ways to manage insights – both within and outside the organization today. Increasingly, the ability to glean and operationalize new insights efficiently as a byproduct of an organization’s day-to-day operations is becoming vital to hospitals and health systems ability to survive and prosper. One of the long-standing challenges in healthcare informatics has been the ability to deal with the sheer variety and volume of disparate healthcare data and the increasing need to derive veracity and value out of it. Demystifying Big Data and Machine Learning for Healthcare investigates how healthcare organizations can leverage this tapestry of big data to discover new business value, use cases, and knowledge as well as how big data can be woven into pre-existing business intelligence and analytics efforts. This book focuses on teaching you how to: Develop skills needed to identify and demolish big-data myths Become an expert in separating hype from reality Understand the V’s that matter in healthcare and why Harmonize the 4 C’s across little and big data Choose data fi delity over data quality Learn how to apply the NRF Framework Master applied machine learning for healthcare Conduct a guided tour of learning algorithms Recognize and be prepared for the future of artificial intelligence in healthcare via best practices, feedback loops, and contextually intelligent agents (CIAs) The variety of data in healthcare spans multiple business workflows, formats (structured, un-, and semi-structured), integration at point of care/need, and integration with existing knowledge. In order to deal with these realities, the authors propose new approaches to creating a knowledge-driven learning organization-based on new and existing strategies, methods and technologies. This book will address the long-standing challenges in healthcare informatics and provide pragmatic recommendations on how to deal with them.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction What is big data and how is it similar/different from business intelligence or analytics – the basics? Analytics 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 Why big data needs machine learning - in brief Chapter 2: Healthcare and the Big Data V's The case for big data - market analysis - vendors and applications Introduction to the V's When do we need to care about data quality? What can you do with this data? Introduction to Types of analytics Chapter 3: Big Data - How to Get Started Getting started within your Organization Assessing your environment and organizational readiness Understanding the data needed to support the use cases Organizational structuring considerations for big data Chapter 4: Big Data – Challenges Skills gap The need for data governance Understanding data quality and big data The role of Master Data Management The big brother challenge Going beyond silos – how to integrate insights between big and small data Chapter 5: Best Practices Debunking some common myths Executive sponsorship need; what must an executive sponsor do to ensure a data driven culture? CAO or CDO - is there a need? What are the similarities & differences? Is the DW dead with the advent of big data? What happens to my existing analytics? Big data and the cloud, an introduction Best Practices to ensure success Chapter 6: Machine Learning and Healthcare - the Big Data Connection What is AI? What is ML? How are they related to data mining & data science? Can we demystify the terminology? Real life examples from outside healthcare - Netflix, Amazon, Siri, etc What does it mean for healthcare? Why should you care? State of the industry. Inductive v Deductive v Other reasoning - an introduction and why should we care Types of Machine Learning - what are learning algorithms? Supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, reinforcement with some discussion. What is deep learning? Popular algorithms and how they are used Computational biomarkers, data charting, visualization - a discussion in context Representative use cases in healthcare Medical imaging ML & imaging biomarkers for Traumatic brain injury - UCSF Population Health: ML for diabetes prediction Cardiology predictive analytics - Stanford Chapter 7: Advanced Topics Unstructured data & text analysis: NLP The learning organization and knowledge management Chapter 8: Case Studies from healthcare organizations MD-Anderson Cancer Center Penn OMICS CIAPM - Ascension case study Deloitte case study Appendix A. Big data technical glossary

About the Author :
Prashant Natarajan, John C. Frenzel, Detlev H. Smaltz

Review :
"Data is quickly emerging as the greatest asset of the healthcare industry. The trend in our industry is to drive many decisions supported by data. The authors have done a great job put- ting together the issues, challenges and benefits of adopting a long view of Big Data. It is a walk of maturity with the real gold nuggets coming in Analytics 3.0 and beyond. This will not be solved with a product or purchased off the shelf. Big Data needs to be part of the DNA of an organization. Thanks to the authors for putting this together for us." —Chris Belmont, MBA Vice President and Chief Information Officer MD Anderson Cancer Center "Intelligent decisions are best made with data that gives us rich context and a fuller view of all parameters and possibilities. However, how do we not drown in all this data we’re generating? How do we stay afloat, swim, and surf—harnessing the tremendous power of this valuable resource? The authors attempt successfully to separate myth from reality with regard to the potential for big data and machine learning in healthcare. Great read!" —Rasu B. Shrestha, MD, MBA Chief Innovation Officer, UPMC Executive Vice President, UPMC Enterprises "This book is a must-read for any provider of healthcare services interested in practical recommen- dations and best practices about leveraging big data in its many ways and formats. The authors draw on their extensive practical experience to separate myths from realities and provide useful insights into the handling of the related challenges through the usage of real-world case studies." —Prof. Dr. Diego Kuonen CEO and CAO, Statoo Consulting, Switzerland Professor of Data Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland "Big data has become so ubiquitous a term that its use conveys very little of value, particularly in healthcare. For those who want to actually understand this exciting area in meaningful way and how in turn it can add considerable value to their organisation’s success, I would strongly recommend this book." —Jonathan Sheldon, PhD Global Vice President, Healthcare Oracle Health Sciences "As the leader of analytics at a large national IDN of primarily community hospitals, our "small data" analytic needs alone can seem overwhelming at times. At the same time, we are seeing the greater value of advanced analytics and beginning to realize the promise of machine learning pre- dictive algorithms. We are admittedly just beginning our journey into true "big-data" use cases, and I found this book to be an extremely useful overview of big-data and machine-learning ana- lytic techniques and applications in healthcare. The book is written in an engaging format with simple definitions and descriptions leading to real-world applications. I recommend this book for healthcare leaders interested in a book that cuts through the hype of big data and effectively com- piles the vast landscape of big-data analytic topics and terminologies into a single, practical volume." —Nick T. Scartz Corporate Chief Analytics Officer, Adventist Health System "Payers—not the least of which are Medicare and Medicaid—are demanding better value. Stuck with one foot in the past, policy makers think we might cut our way out of spiraling health costs. At the same time, Congress and the Administration are aggressively moving to at-risk, value-based models. Reimbursement economics has never been quite so precarious. It is into this environment the authors insert important new insights, with key takeaways and action steps. Big data and machine learning are transforming how real-world evidence is collected and leveraged to enable data-driven transparency, collaboration, and improved patient outcomes. Written for a broad audience of healthcare stakeholders, this "first of its kind" book offers illuminating strategies, concepts, and best practices. The authors write in remarkably jargon-free language that makes this book an engaging and thought-provoking read for non- technical—and technical—readers alike. Highly recommended for those seeking not just to stay afloat, but to operationalize strategies and succeed in the new world of value-based care." —Joel White President, Council for Affordable Health Coverage Co-author, Facts and Figures on Government Finance "This is the book that finally brings together in one volume the definitions and tools to understand big data, AI, and machine learning for the busy clinician, hospital administrator, or policy maker without requiring them to go back to school and take a graduate-level course curriculum to learn." —Oscar Streeter, Jr., MD, FACRO Chief Medical & Scientific Officer, CA Division of American Cancer Society Radiation Oncologist, The Center for Thermal Oncology "The discipline of managing and analyzing big data continues to evolve at a rapid pace. The authors do a solid job of recognizing this growing complexity and offering an accessible introduction to the discipline in its increasing breadth. Presented is a discussion of both the art and science of big data; including the different sub-classes of big-data management and analysis, approaches to solve each challenge, and how these challenges map to healthcare problems of importance. Highly recom- mended for healthcare leaders interested in data-intensive advances for care delivery." —Zeeshan Syed, MD, PhD Director, Clinical Inference and Algorithms Program, Stanford Health Care Clinical Associate Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine "It’s my belief that the next dimension of clinical research and precision medicine will be built off the ability to not only access the vast amounts of data available but to be able to identify and quickly assess the valuable insights buried within. This book does a great job providing the perspective needed in practical terms to understand how far we’ve come and where we are in the access to and use of big data. It’s a must read for those from health-care providers to data scien- tists looking to understand the tremendous potential and practical applications that machine learning and advanced analytics can and will bring. We have truly come to a point where health care has exceeded the capabilities of an individual person and must be augmented with machines that allow us to understand and apply health care appropriately. I strongly recom- mend this book to those who plan to be part of the analytically driven health-care environment." —Matt Gross Chief Solutions Officer, Duke Clinical Research Institute Former Director of the Health and Life Sciences Global Practice, SAS "A comprehensive, timely, and truly invigorating book about machine learning, artificial intel- ligence, and big data in health care. These are topics that are shaping research and the practice of medicine—today. The authors show us the promise and potential pitfalls of this important topic and how this information will shape our future. Enjoyable and understandable—you will not need an MD or degree in computer science to gain a deep understanding of the future of big data and AI in healthcare. The handy "Common Uses in Healthcare" sections in Chapter 7 drive home the saliency of the topics. A must read for health-care providers and patients alike." —Phillip J. Beron, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA "This is a deep dive into Big Data and Machine Learning for healthcare, yet these complex and challenging topics are made clear and comprehensible in this engaging exposition. It is a must-read for those who wish to understand these dominant forces that are rapidly reshaping medicine and to learn how best to apply them to their own healthcare enterprise." —Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhD Professor, UCSF School of Medicine "Learning algorithms are as essential for extracting information from big data as a transmission is for a car to leverage the horsepower created by an engine. These algorithms have the poten- tial for revolutionizing the healthcare industry by identifying new patterns and information in data, continuously adjusting themselves to changes, automating many aspects of big-data analysis, and operationalizing information extracted from big data. This book demystifies machine learning algorithms by providing a solid overview of the state of the art and by presenting the relationship of big data and machine learning algorithms. The authors describe how machine learning can be used in the healthcare industry to support physicians’ decisions, to improve the quality of care, and to detect new trends in healthcare data. This book is a must-read for healthcare professionals who are entering the new world of big-data analysis." —Michael Sassin, Dr. techn. Director of Software Development, GBU Architecture Oracle "The future of healthcare will be built on the back of data. Organizations that don’t acknowl- edge and prepare for this are going to be left behind. This book serves as the perfect foundation for organizations that want to make sure they’re prepared for that data-driven future. What makes this book particularly excellent is that it does a great job acknowledging past experiences and infrastructure, providing practical applications of what can be done today, and then looks to the future of where big data and machine learning are headed. The cherry on top are the case studies where they show how the concepts are working in actual healthcare situations." —John Lynn (@techguy) Founder of HealthcareScene.com "Global healthcare challenges and trends such as aging populations, increasing costs, patient engagement, ubiquitous devices and sensors, personalized medicine, changing reimbursement and economic models demand a new approach to informatics. This approaching tsunami of data, including clinical, financial, genomic, wearable, and device- and patient-generated data will overwhelm any clinician, patient, or researcher, as well as any traditional decision-making system. Machine learning and AI are going to be critical components of these new models, and this book will serve as a solid foundation for anyone attempting to rise to this challenge." —Steve Jepsen Vice President, Healthcare Integration Services Global HealthSuite Lab Lead Healthcare Transformation Services, Philips "Data is quickly emerging as the greatest asset of the healthcare industry. The trend in our industry is to drive many decisions supported by data. The authors have done a great job put- ting together the issues, challenges and benefits of adopting a long view of Big Data. It is a walk of maturity with the real gold nuggets coming in Analytics 3.0 and beyond. This will not be solved with a product or purchased off the shelf. Big Data needs to be part of the DNA of an organization. Thanks to the authors for putting this together for us." —Chris Belmont, MBA Vice President and Chief Information Officer MD Anderson Cancer Center "Intelligent decisions are best made with data that gives us rich context and a fuller view of all parameters and possibilities. However, how do we not drown in all this data we’re generating? How do we stay afloat, swim, and surf—harnessing the tremendous power of this valuable resource? The authors attempt successfully to separate myth from reality with regard to the potential for big data and machine learning in healthcare. Great read!" —Rasu B. Shrestha, MD, MBA Chief Innovation Officer, UPMC Executive Vice President, UPMC Enterprises "This book is a must-read for any provider of healthcare services interested in practical recommen- dations and best practices about leveraging big data in its many ways and formats. The authors draw on their extensive practical experience to separate myths from realities and provide useful insights into the handling of the related challenges through the usage of real-world case studies." —Prof. Dr. Diego Kuonen CEO and CAO, Statoo Consulting, Switzerland Professor of Data Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland "Big data has become so ubiquitous a term that its use conveys very little of value, particularly in healthcare. For those who want to actually understand this exciting area in meaningful way and how in turn it can add considerable value to their organisation’s success, I would strongly recommend this book." —Jonathan Sheldon, PhD Global Vice President, Healthcare Oracle Health Sciences "As the leader of analytics at a large national IDN of primarily community hospitals, our "small data" analytic needs alone can seem overwhelming at times. At the same time, we are seeing the greater value of advanced analytics and beginning to realize the promise of machine learning pre- dictive algorithms. We are admittedly just beginning our journey into true "big-data" use cases, and I found this book to be an extremely useful overview of big-data and machine-learning ana- lytic techniques and applications in healthcare. The book is written in an engaging format with simple definitions and descriptions leading to real-world applications. I recommend this book for healthcare leaders interested in a book that cuts through the hype of big data and effectively com- piles the vast landscape of big-data analytic topics and terminologies into a single, practical volume." —Nick T. Scartz Corporate Chief Analytics Officer, Adventist Health System "Payers—not the least of which are Medicare and Medicaid—are demanding better value. Stuck with one foot in the past, policy makers think we might cut our way out of spiraling health costs. At the same time, Congress and the Administration are aggressively moving to at-risk, value-based models. Reimbursement economics has never been quite so precarious. It is into this environment the authors insert important new insights, with key takeaways and action steps. Big data and machine learning are transforming how real-world evidence is collected and leveraged to enable data-driven transparency, collaboration, and improved patient outcomes. Written for a broad audience of healthcare stakeholders, this "first of its kind" book offers illuminating strategies, concepts, and best practices. The authors write in remarkably jargon-free language that makes this book an engaging and thought-provoking read for non- technical—and technical—readers alike. Highly recommended for those seeking not just to stay afloat, but to operationalize strategies and succeed in the new world of value-based care." —Joel White President, Council for Affordable Health Coverage Co-author, Facts and Figures on Government Finance "This is the book that finally brings together in one volume the definitions and tools to understand big data, AI, and machine learning for the busy clinician, hospital administrator, or policy maker without requiring them to go back to school and take a graduate-level course curriculum to learn." —Oscar Streeter, Jr., MD, FACRO Chief Medical & Scientific Officer, CA Division of American Cancer Society Radiation Oncologist, The Center for Thermal Oncology "The discipline of managing and analyzing big data continues to evolve at a rapid pace. The authors do a solid job of recognizing this growing complexity and offering an accessible introduction to the discipline in its increasing breadth. Presented is a discussion of both the art and science of big data; including the different sub-classes of big-data management and analysis, approaches to solve each challenge, and how these challenges map to healthcare problems of importance. Highly recom- mended for healthcare leaders interested in data-intensive advances for care delivery." —Zeeshan Syed, MD, PhD Director, Clinical Inference and Algorithms Program, Stanford Health Care Clinical Associate Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine "It’s my belief that the next dimension of clinical research and precision medicine will be built off the ability to not only access the vast amounts of data available but to be able to identify and quickly assess the valuable insights buried within. This book does a great job providing the perspective needed in practical terms to understand how far we’ve come and where we are in the access to and use of big data. It’s a must read for those from health-care providers to data scien- tists looking to understand the tremendous potential and practical applications that machine learning and advanced analytics can and will bring. We have truly come to a point where health care has exceeded the capabilities of an individual person and must be augmented with machines that allow us to understand and apply health care appropriately. I strongly recom- mend this book to those who plan to be part of the analytically driven health-care environment." —Matt Gross Chief Solutions Officer, Duke Clinical Research Institute Former Director of the Health and Life Sciences Global Practice, SAS "A comprehensive, timely, and truly invigorating book about machine learning, artificial intel- ligence, and big data in health care. These are topics that are shaping research and the practice of medicine—today. The authors show us the promise and potential pitfalls of this important topic and how this information will shape our future. Enjoyable and understandable—you will not need an MD or degree in computer science to gain a deep understanding of the future of big data and AI in healthcare. The handy "Common Uses in Healthcare" sections in Chapter 7 drive home the saliency of the topics. A must read for health-care providers and patients alike." —Phillip J. Beron, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA "This is a deep dive into Big Data and Machine Learning for healthcare, yet these complex and challenging topics are made clear and comprehensible in this engaging exposition. It is a must-read for those who wish to understand these dominant forces that are rapidly reshaping medicine and to learn how best to apply them to their own healthcare enterprise." —Pratik Mukherjee, MD, PhD Professor, UCSF School of Medicine "Learning algorithms are as essential for extracting information from big data as a transmission is for a car to leverage the horsepower created by an engine. These algorithms have the poten- tial for revolutionizing the healthcare industry by identifying new patterns and information in data, continuously adjusting themselves to changes, automating many aspects of big-data analysis, and operationalizing information extracted from big data. This book demystifies machine learning algorithms by providing a solid overview of the state of the art and by presenting the relationship of big data and machine learning algorithms. The authors describe how machine learning can be used in the healthcare industry to support physicians’ decisions, to improve the quality of care, and to detect new trends in healthcare data. This book is a must-read for healthcare professionals who are entering the new world of big-data analysis." —Michael Sassin, Dr. techn. Director of Software Development, GBU Architecture Oracle "The future of healthcare will be built on the back of data. Organizations that don’t acknowl- edge and prepare for this are going to be left behind. This book serves as the perfect foundation for organizations that want to make sure they’re prepared for that data-driven future. What makes this book particularly excellent is that it does a great job acknowledging past experiences and infrastructure, providing practical applications of what can be done today, and then looks to the future of where big data and machine learning are headed. The cherry on top are the case studies where they show how the concepts are working in actual healthcare situations." —John Lynn (@techguy) Founder of HealthcareScene.com "Global healthcare challenges and trends such as aging populations, increasing costs, patient engagement, ubiquitous devices and sensors, personalized medicine, changing reimbursement and economic models demand a new approach to informatics. This approaching tsunami of data, including clinical, financial, genomic, wearable, and device- and patient-generated data will overwhelm any clinician, patient, or researcher, as well as any traditional decision-making system. Machine learning and AI are going to be critical components of these new models, and this book will serve as a solid foundation for anyone attempting to rise to this challenge." —Steve Jepsen Vice President, Healthcare Integration Services Global HealthSuite Lab Lead Healthcare Transformation Services, Philips