Safety with Machinery

John Ridley and Dick Pearce, both recognized specialists in machinery safety, guide the reader through the various standards, regulations and best practices relating to the safe design and use of machinery and show which standard is relevant for which type of machine. Safety with Machinery provides a basic grounding in machinery safety and covers safeguarding philosophy and strategy, typical hazards, risk assessment and reduction, guarding techniques, ergonomic considerations, safe use of equipment and plant layout. All types of safeguards are discussed -- mechanical, interlocking, electrical / electronic / programmable, hydraulic, pneumatic. The new edition has been updated throughout in line with changes in regulations and standards. The section on electric, electronic and programmable safety systems has been expanded to reflect their increasing importance. The book now focuses on the harmonised standards (e.g. EN ISO 13849, IEC/EN 61131-2) which can be used by manufacturers to self-certify their machines for the European market without the need for third party examination, but also covers other relevant standards (e.g. IEC 62061). Many practical examples set the regulations in context and assist in the interpretation of the various standards. Safety with Machinery is essential reading for all engineers involved in machinery design and maintenance all over the world as every machine sold within or into the EU needs to conform to the harmonised standards. It also provides health and safety professionals, students and employee representatives, as well as certification bodies, health and safety inspectors and safety regulators with a comprehensive overview of machinery safety.

Table of Contents:
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
PART I – SAFEGUARDING PHILOSOPHY AND STRATEGY
1 Safeguarding of work equipment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Design considerations
1.3 Life cycle
1.4 Designer’s responsibility
1.5 Safeguarding principles
1.6 Guarding strategy
1.7 Unit vs holistic approach to safeguarding
1.8 EU Directives in machinery safety
1.9 Standard-making bodies
1.10 European approach to machine guarding
1.11 Interpretation of standards
1.12 Arrangements in the USA
2 Factors affecting the selection and effectiveness of machine safeguards
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic factors
2.3 Quality assurance
2.4 Reliability
2.5 Integrity
2.6 Validation
2.7 Difficulties in applying some safety standards
2.8 Summary
3 Typical hazards of machinery
3.1 Identification
3.2 Agents of hazards
3.3 Hazards from parts of machinery and work equipment
4 Risk assessment, risk reduction and selection of safeguards
4.1 Introduction
4.2 What is a risk assessment?
4.3 Risk reduction strategy
4.4 Relevant standards
4.5 Determining a safety integrity level for machinery hazards
4.6 Selecting a safeguarding system
4.7 Summary
Part II – GUARDING TECHNIQUES
5 Mechanical guarding
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Guard selection
5.3 Guard types
5.4 Other factors to consider
5.5 Other techniques
6 Interlocking safeguards
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Interlocking devices
6.3 Guard locking
6.4 Interlocking systems
6.5 Levels of risk
6.6 Interlocking media
6.7 Two hand controls
6.8 Hold-to-run controls
6.9 Limited movement control
6.10 Person sensing devices
6.11 Lasers
6.12 Pressure sensitive mats
6.13 Pressure sensitive edges and wires
6.14 Grab wires
6.15 Emergency stop switches
6.16 Telescopic trip switches
6.17 Proximity switches
6.18 Key exchange systems
6.19 Key interlock switches
6.20 Delayed start
6.21 Other interlocking devices
7 Ergonomic aspects of machinery safeguarding
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Physiology
7.3 Controls
7.4 Machine layout
7.5 Colours
7.6 Lighting
7.7 Noise
7.8 Vibrations
7.9 Rate of working
7.10 Temperature and humidity
7.11 Ventilation
7.12 Repetitive actions
7.13 Warnings
7.14 Vision
7.15 Radiations
7.16 Indicators and instruments
7.17 Coda
Part III - SAFEGUARDING SYSTEMS
8 Mechanical safety arrangements
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Guards
8.3 Distance fencing
8.4 Safety gaps
8.5 Feed and take-off stations
8.6 Work-holding devices
8.7 Counter-weights
8.8 Safety catches
8.9 Braking systems
8.10 Clutches
8.11 Summary
9 Electrical safety circuits
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Effect on safety
9.3 Basic safety requirements
9.4 Selection of interlocking switches
9.5 Switching contact requirements
9.6 Factors influencing the selection of interlocks
9.7 Circuit fault protection
9.8 Safety control circuits
9.9 Quantitative analysis
10 Hydraulic safety circuits
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Hydraulic systems for safety circuits
10.3 Hydraulic safety circuits
11 Pneumatic safety circuits
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Pneumatic installations
11.3 Pneumatic safety circuits
11.4 Summary
Part IV - OTHER SAFETY RELATED ARRANGEMENTS
12 Safety in the use of lifting equipment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Common safety features of lifting equipment
12.3 Additional features for particular lifting equipment
12.4 Lifting accessories
12.5 Circumstances requiring special precautions
12.6 Precautions when handling lifting equipment
13 Safety with pressure systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Compressed air
13.3 Hydraulic installations
13.4 Steam
13.5 Process plant
14 Safe working with equipment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Systems of work
14.3 Protection from electric shock
14.4 Locking off
14.5 Ergonomics
14.6 Anthropometrics
14.7 Openings in guards
14.8 Operating instructions and manuals
14.9 Labels on equipment
14.10 Supervision
14.11 Use of jigs and fixtures
14.12 Safety clothing
14.13 Stored energy
14.14 Signs and signals
15 Plant layout and the working environment
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Space
15.3 Buildings
15.4 Services
15.5 Ventilation
15.6 Lighting
15.7 Temperature
15.8 Machine layout
15.9 Noise
15.10 Vibrations
15.11 Materials handling
15.12 Maintenance
15.13 Waste
15.14 Access
15.15 Lubrication
15.16 Dust and fumes
15.17 Floors and foundations
15.18 Hygiene
15.19 Notices and signs
15.20 Explosive atmospheres
Part V - APPENDICES
1. Published standards
2. Glossary of terms
3. Abbreviations
4. Smooth shaft pick-up
5. Pipeline colour codes
6. Permit-to-work
7. Protection of enclosures
Index

Review :
"...an excellent overview of machinery safety. ...well written... The authors clearly have extensive knowledge and practical experience in relation to the safety of machinery."
- HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK, Oct 2003, Review of the previous edition